Religion Analysis in texts of Machiavelli and Hobbes Essay

Religion Analysis in texts of Machiavelli and Hobbes - Essay Example This impetus towards change seems to draw both writers away from being champions of conventional religious concepts. However, whereas Hobbes still recognizes conventional moral concepts like the golden rule, Machiavelli advises the prince to get ahead, by all means necessary. Generally, Machiavelli observes that people are caught up in superficial concerns as a matter of ensuring the success of princely subterfuge, and also as a matter of demonstrating the importance of the perception of correction, whatever the actual state of affairs may be. The true prince may have committed any number of crimes and sins against religion, but as long as the people see them as benevolent and just in terms of reputation and public image, the subterfuge can continue. Machiavelli does not offer a warning against subterfuge. He does not call upon people to open up their eyes and look deeper into the inner, spiritual nature of things. As a political writer, he is unconcerned with this aspect of life and is more concerned that the true prince whom he is advising learns to be an effective leader in a way that ensures the success of his rule, at whatever cost and by all means necessary. â€Å"You must know there are two ways of contesting,† he writes to the prince, â₠¬Å"the one by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, it is necessary to have recourse to the second.† (Machiavelli, p. 114). Obviously, aligning with the beast is not the most sound principle for a friend of religion to espouse. Machiavelli does address religion, but only in so far as he shows that people tend to be taken in by religious appearances, and are thus easily fooled, and portrays this state of affairs as being one that can be taken advantage of by the effective ruler.

Citric Acid Essay Example for Free

Citric Acid Essay Introduction Soft drinks contain acid and sugar. These substances contribute to tooth decay and therefore are a cause for concern. In the first part of the investigation well measure the acidity in blackcurrant juice. Labels on black currant juice drinks usually state citric acid is present in the drink, but it doesnt give you the amount of how much it contains. Dilutable soft drinks contain between 0. 15 2. 5% of citric acid research by The British Drinks Association and therefore the second part of the experiment would be to determine the concentrations of blackcurrant juice in the diluted samples. Investigation 1: Measure the acidity of the blackcurrant juice drink In order to measure the acidity of the blackcurrant juice, Ill titrate black current juice with 0. 1mol of sodium hydroxide and use a pH meter to measure its pH. Technique The technique of this experiment is titration. It is a method of chemical analysis, which is used to determine the volume of concentration needed to react with an unknown solution. Equipments needed for titration: Burette   Conical Flask   Clamp Technique of using titration method: The measurement on the burette (cm3) tells you how much solution you have poured into the substance. This is useful to find the amount of solution needed to balance with the substance. At the end of the burette, there is a small tap that allows you to control the amount of solution needed to pour into the substance. It is important to be accurate on the amount you want to put in. Therefore, right timing and quick reaction is the key skill to this experiment. There are two ways of measuring the pH: pH indicator and pH meter. pH Indicator: A pH indicator is a chemical compound. It shows the pH changes in the substance by changing its colour when added. Different indicators have different colour. They only change its colour when a certain pH is reached. pH meter: A pH meter is an electronic machine used to measure the pH in liquids. It has a special measuring probe called the glass electrode connected to the electronic meter. It will then measure and display the pH reading. Because the black current juice is darkly coloured, therefore pH indicator would not be the most suitable method for this experiment. Im going to use a pH meter for this experiment. The Science Many of the soft drinks contain acids. It is use to balance the sweetness of the sugar present in the drinks. Citric Acid is one of the most common acid uses in soft drinks. Soft drink Blackcurrant juice contains: Water, Sugar, Glucose Fructose Syrup (from wheat and maize), Blackcurrant Juice from Concentrate (4%), Citric Acid, Vitamin C, Preservatives (Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Bisulphate) and Colour (Anthocyanins) Citric Acid Citric Acid is an organic acid. We can find it from citrus fruits such as lemon and orange. It is added to soft drinks to create an acidic taste (sourness). Citric Acid also helps preserve drinks from micro-organism because of its acidity. Micro-organism can only grow and multiply in neutral condition. The reaction between Sodium Hydroxide and Citric acid: The following equation shows the reaction of whats happening during the neutralisation reaction between Citric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide: Citric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium citrate + Water C6H8O7 + 3NaOH C6H8O7Na3+ 3H2O From the equation above we have worked out 1 mole of citric acid reacts with 3 moles of sodium hydroxide (1:3 ratios). Graph Demonstration. Strong and Weak Acids Acids are vary in strength. The strength of an acid is based on the number of Hydrogen ions in the atom. Strong acids: Strong acids have a strong proclivity to donate Hydrogen+ ions. All of the strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, Sulphric acid and Nitric acid are all 100% ionised in water. This mean all the strong acid would dissolve the reaction is fully complete and no unreacted substance remains in the solution. Weak acids: Weak acids have a weak tendency to donate Hydrogen+ ions. The donation of hydrogen+ ions does not dissociate completely.

The Art of Carrying Out Successful Drive-Bys :: essays research papers

The Art of Carrying Out Successful Drive-Bys   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My mother has always said that any intelligent lady should be patient for her Prince Charming to come along one fine day. I do not necessarily agree. I mean, why wait? Any intelligent lady should manipulate everything in her sight until she is able to track down Prince Charming. There is no use in denying, each and every one of us carries the stalker gene, dominance varying. Stalkers can be either female or male, although studies have shown that male stalkers are more often than not called rapists. One of the missions most often carried out by stalkers is a drive by (DB). DBs usually take place on Friday and/or Saturday nights and it is when the stalker drives by the stalkee’s place of residence to see if the stalkee is home. DBs are purposely carried out with hopes that if the stalkee is home, the stalker perceives that the Stalkee is also having a horrible weekend, much like the stalker – therefore immediately improving the stalker’s tempera ment. To carry out a successful DB, the stalker has to convince him/her self that s/he is not really a stalker. There are usually two parts of the first phase, also called the convincing phase. This first step of convincing should take place in a quiet room, preferably with the stalker sitting down in a comfortable chair and convincing him/herself. The second step of convincing should be the stalker convincing his/her best friend to join in on the DB. If the stalker does not have any friends, s/he should proceed to the next step. If the stalker somehow does have a friend, the convincing thoughts should be something along the lines of, there is no harm in conducting a DB, DBs are normally harmless, it is not that often the stalkee is hospitalized after DBs are carried out, etc. Considering that the stalker is, well, a stalker, s/he should already know the way to the stalkee’s house by heart, regardless of whether not s/he was invited there by the stalkee before. It is at this point i n time when the stalker decides whether or not to change his/her attire to throw off the stalkee if s/he is to see the stalker. If the stalker decides go ahead with it, he/she puts on any type of clothing that the stalkee has never seen him/her in. Do not underestimate the power of a baseball cap.

Tattoos

Tattoos BY rhtanne0529 Many people Judge the outward expression of others' creativity and beauty. Though opinions of this art form have become more accepting, it is still considered taboo. Tattoos should not determine people's views or thoughts on those who have them. At one time, society thought tattoos were only for those in biker gangs or the military. Only the outcasts of society were known to partake in the taboo tradition. Actually, anyone, from a college professor to a soccer mom, can have a tattoo. The presence or absence of body art does not define the person.I have four tattoos that I decided to get for various reasons and at different times in my life. Each has a special meaning and allows me to have an outward representation of emotions I sometimes cannot voice. My tattoos are an expression of my personality, and no one should Judge me for them. I have faced adversity, even from family members, due to my tattoos and piercings. I did not take getting a tattoo lightly. I di d not walk into a random shop and point out a drawing on the wall to be inked on my skin. I talked to my parents, riends, pastor and tattoo artists before getting tattooed.I wanted my decision to be well informed so I would never regret it. Though I know I did nothing wrong, I still face people who Judge me. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said he hoped his children would not be Judged by the color of their skin but the content of the character. Though his â€Å"l Have a Dream† speech did not refer to tattoos, it advocated equality. It should not matter if someone is white, black, green or tattooed, everyone should be treated the same. People should be Judged by their character, not their appearance. It is who a person is on the inside that matters.As Christians, we are commanded not to Judge anyone, whether it is for their actions or their appearance. God will be the one to Judge me. My Father created me beautifully and loves all of me, including my tattoos. Tattoos, honestly, ar e Just as much of a way to show style and artistic value as the types of clothing worn; except, they are permanent. Until someone gets to know a person with tattoos, they should not believe any stereotype about the tattooed. We are all humans and need to show love by not Judging others' appearances.

Mary Warren

————————————————- How does Miller present the character of Mary Warren in The Crucible? Arthur Miller Shows Mary Warren in different limelight’s of power. At the beginning of the play there is an aspect of her having no power but as you go through the play there seems to be shifts in her power. Miller uses Mary to demonstrate young, single women’s power and how when you have so much power it can just slip right out of your hands in one brief moment.Miller shows that power can be taken away pretty easily and quite absentmindedly from Mary Warren’s character. He demonstrates this by making her young and single and setting the scene to a subservient, naive girl. This makes her prepared to answer and obey others unquestioningly and serving as a means to an end. In Act 1, Mary has a conversation with Abigail about the dancing. ‘I never done any of it, Abby. I only looked. ’ This shows us that she lacks the confidence to get involved, making us see that Miller is trying to present a very timid, scared girl.Marys fear is also shown through this dialogue. A sense of her having no power is shown through Millers use of stage direction. ‘(Enter Proctor. On seeing him Mary jumps in fright)’. Miller is trying to illustrate the lack of confidence and courage she has to stand up to him. This is also a remark of the amount of importance he has upon her. This is also shown in dialogue. ‘I forbid you to leave the house’. In these quotes Miller shows that young, single women have very little to no power and importance in Salem at this time.By Act 2 Mary Warrens character develops, so much so that Elizabeth is starting to fear her, ‘She frightened all my strengths away. ’ This shows that Miller is making Mary stronger and more confidence that other characters have to talk about her behind her back. Even though Proctor still believes she is a ‘mouse’ and still sees her as that, Elizabeth says ‘It is a mouse no more. ’ Miller makes the other character see that there has been a spark switch on in Marys head. All this is shown through the dialogue of the other characters on the stage at this time.Miller uses other characters to illustrate how Mary’s character has changed over a little while. At the end of act two there is an immediate power shift between Proctor and Mary. This is when Mary tells Proctor ‘I saved her life today’. ‘Her’ meaning Elizabeth, when Mary shares this with Proctor, he lowers the whip. The power shift is symbolised with this exact moment, Miller shows this moment through a stage direction. Then Marys dialogue after the power shift shows a side of Mary that we have never seen before, this is where she finally decides to stand up for herself.Miller shows her frustration at her lack of power and her lac k of freedom that she is missing out on in a stage direction and her dialogue. ‘(with a stamp of her foot): I’ll not be ordered to bed no more, Mr Proctor! I am eighteen and a woman, however single. ’ In this quote Miller presents a respectful lady, however angry, who knows her authorities around the Proctors but still thinks that she has some say in what she does in her life. Miller also shows a depth to Mary’s character through her dialogue.In Act 3, Mary has reverted to her timid self like we saw in Act 1, this is shown through her silence and through Proctor speaking for her. In this part Miller tries to make her the weakest character in this Act through stage directions such as ‘(Mary is keeping her eyes to the ground)’ At the end of Act 3, Proctor threatens Mary in to telling the judges that Elizabeth did and is not using witchcraft and accusing Abigail of using it instead. This is effective because Proctor use his tender side for most o f this Act ‘(He lifts Mary’s chin. ) You cannot weep, Mary. Remember the angel, what he says to the boy. But at the last minute Proctor turns on his threatening side and turns on Mary to help him. This is just like at the end of Act 2 when he decides to turn on Mary, there is a strong correlation between Mary’s power and her importance. Abigail also starts to threaten Mary in to accusing Proctor of using witchcraft and not to listen to Proctor no more by pretending that Mary is using witchcraft. ‘(backing further, eyes still fixed above): Mary, please don’t hurt me! ’ Miller tries to show in this part that Mary is powerless by using Abigail’s dialogue to portray this.