Harlem Renaissance Poets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Research Paper Example A portion of the illuminating presences of the Harlem Renaissance verse incorporate Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Johnson, Countee Cullen and James Weldon. Langston Hughes (1902-1967) James Langston Hughes was conceived in 1902 in Missouri. He was taught at Columbia University and made a trip regularly to Africa and Europe while filling in as a sailor. He distributed his first verse book, Weary Blues, in 1924 in Washington. He added to the Renaissance development through depicting the idea of Black life in American culture. He drew in his work with jazz, subsequently speaking to the African-American masses during the Harlem Renaissance of 1920s. His work ‘The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ contributed a lot to communicating the Black battles, love for music, and enduring in the general public. He is considered as the most productive Black writer during the Renaissance time frame. ‘The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ His sonnet â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ pla inly shows a few components of twofold cognizance. The sonnet verbalizes the long battles of Black individuals and discusses the battles of the African Americans with their own personality. It talks about the foul play to W.E.B DuBois and emblematically speaks to the life of Blacks in the life of the ‘River’. ... Likewise, Hughes declares that ‘I viewed the Nile and raised pyramids above it’ (Hughes, 1994, l.6) and furthermore ‘I manufactured my cabin close to Congo and it hushed me to sleep.’ The two articulations demonstrate the consciousness of cause of Black individuals and the need to come back to the African landmass. What's more, Hughes guarantees that ‘I heard the singing of Mississippi’ (Hughes, 1994, l.7) and seen its ‘muddy’ turn all ‘golden’ to ‘sunset’ (Hughes, 1994, l.7). The announcement helps the Blacks to remember the liberation of Black individuals through the finish of servitude in the Southern States. The utilization of stream represents old occasions. The principle topics in the sonnet are a statement of the Black legacy and social history, for example, the pyramids and cottages. Another topic is the fight for social character in the American culture and end of subjection. The imagery characteri zes the past battles and requires the solidarity of African Americans in communicating their personality. The symbolism, for example, pyramids exhibits the foundation and starting points of the Black individuals. The ‘blood flow’ represents the verifiable battles in completion servitude in the South. The sonnet features the monetary and social imbalances that are looked by Black Americans and personality strife that lead to low confidence. Claude McKay He was conceived in Jamaica in 1890 and passed on in 1940. He moved to the United States to go to Tuskegee Institute, however later moved to Kansas State University to contemplate horticulture. He utilized his verse work to show the negative effect of shameful acts that were looked by the Blacks in America. His sonnets center around social and political existence of the Blacks and his enthusiasm for his country Jamaica. His sonnets added to establishing the pace of

To what extent is substantive equality promoted through the Human Essay

What exactly degree is meaningful correspondence advanced through the Human Rights Act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010 - Essay Example Second, the show reacted to the development of Communism in Eastern Europe by shielding the part states from socialist disruption. The steady reference to qualities and standards became standard inside the Convention as it was esteemed â€Å"necessary in a vote based society.† The Convention was drafted in 1950 by the Council of Europe, in any case, didn't go into power until September 1953. This Convention set up the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The court hears cases from people who feel their privileges have been damaged under the Convention by a state party. Any state party decisions are official on the states concerned and they are committed to execute them. Executions of decisions are regulated by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. Specific circumspection is utilized to guarantee that installment sums granted by the Court to the candidates are gotten in pay for harms continued. The foundation of a worldwide Court to shield people from human rig hts infringement is an extremely creative component. This creative element gives the individual a functioning job on the global field. Convention will show that lone states or individuals are viewed as members in global law. In any case, the European Convention remains the main global human rights understanding that gives this high level of individual assurance. Gatherings of the state can take bodies of evidence against another state gathering to this Court, yet this force is only occasionally utilized. Ten individuals initially joined as individuals in 1949. After the fall of the socialist systems in 1989, a few states from Central and Eastern Europe became individuals. There are right now 33 individuals. A few different nations or States have been conceded onlooker status including the United States, Canada, Mexico and Japan. The ECHR comprises of Eighteen Articles covering major rights regarding rights, life, torment, bondage, freedom and security, reasonable preliminary, hindsi ght, protection, inner voice and religion, articulation, affiliation, marriage, viable cure, segregation, criticisms, outsiders, maltreatment of rights, and allowed limitations. The Court additionally should keep its five built up conventions. The European Court of Human Rights generally has a recognized reputation. The Court makes a decision about a large number of cases each year and its sentiments are universally refered to. Verifiably the Court’s statute on correspondence depended on a proper idea of fairness. Be that as it may, lately the ECHR has begun to give correspondence all the more a considerable substance. Its â€Å"weak equity statute came about because of the impediments of ECHR, legal strategy, and a proper idea of equality.† Article 14 of ECHR applies just explicitly to the delight in ordinary rights. â€Å"The delight in the rights and opportunities set out in this Convention will be made sure about without segregation on any ground†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬  As far as technique, just asserted casualties can apply for protests (prohibited from states), and they initially need to deplete all other residential cures in their viewpoint states. The Convention moreover was hesitant to draw inductions of segregation from insights. Nonetheless, the most constraining component was the ECHR’s formal idea of separation, which concentrated on direct segregation. As of late the court has had some trouble with cases including clandestine separation or

Penn State Abington Essay Samples - Good Source to Learn Writing

Penn State Abington Essay Samples - Good Source to Learn WritingPenn State Abington Essay samples are available to help students. The main reason for this is that these essays contain a lot of information that needs to be explained properly and clearly. There are a number of sources for these essays, which are found in the school paper.Many students like to access these essay samples so that they can actually see what it takes to write such an essay. A number of sources on the Internet are now available to help you. They can be accessed to know all the points that are contained in the written content of the essay. It is also a good idea to use them as reference for future essays.These essay samples are written by many college professors who know the job description of the Penn State Abington teachers. They teach students on how to write well and how to learn from their mistakes. Students who want to become professionals should learn from them. Many teachers will give out free essay s amples to any student who needs to study writing for them.The Penn State Abington Essay samples are also found in the school's newspaper. The students who have the capability to write well can get help from these sources to learn their basics. Since writing an essay requires hard work, many professors and lecturers will provide these essays to students who need to know how to write a good one.You can also find many free copies of these essay samples in the websites of Penn State Abington teachers. They can also give out these essays to students who need to study writing skills. These resources are accessible for the students who would like to know more about this job.There are also other sources to study from such as the essay samples from the school's library. These are the same as the essay samples in the school paper. You can also find them online through the school's website. The essay samples can also be found at many different sources which are available for free.You can easil y find these essay samples because they can be downloaded online. The best way to download these essays is to search the Internet for them. The site which gives these essays for free are known to have many features which make them easy to navigate and even print out for your usage. This is also a good source to look at the essays that are available in these sources.All of these sources are there to provide useful information to students who want to make it as professionals. It is also important for them to know that writing an essay is not an easy thing to do. So, in order to gain more knowledge on the job, they should just take the time to search for the best sources which offer their writing samples.

Terrorism The Threat Of Terrorism Essay - 1098 Words

The threats of terrorism are growing globally and it is crucial in understanding the history of how terror is obtained to better prepare ourselves and possibly predict future threats. The behavioral pattern of the extremist can be a combination of qualities, acts, or beliefs. It is believed that all terrorist events have political objectives behind them, even though these extremist use religious symbolism to seek a wider audience and resort to violent acts to prove their point. The terrorist’s events leading up to September 11, 2001 can be analyzed for the purpose of uncovering such a pattern to shed light on the possibility of preventing another horrific terrorist attack in the future. September 11, 2001 is known today as the darkest day in aviation history because the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction which led to significant U.S. initiates to combat terrorism globally. The Islamic extremist group Al-Qaeda are terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations who are responsible for such a horrific day in history. To better understand what led to 9/11, we must first analyze the history of Al-Qaeda’s past attacks. The significance of each attack, no matter how big or small, must have shown a pattern that bonds these acts together that if acknowledged could have forewarned the terrorist events of 9/11. With this in mind, through this paper terrorist acts before 9/11 will be discussed, the significance of these acts, and how they are all bondedShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And The Threat Of Terrorism1014 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism has continuously been an ongoing danger all over the world. Threats pertaining to international security seem to be loosely organized and self-financed groups or the extremist Islamist parties using religion as a pretext that pose threats to the U.S. and other allies. However, while most see terrorism as being international, domestic radicalism has become an ever increasing problem, specific ally within the United States. Cross national links between specific terrorists groups are becomingRead MoreTerrorism : The Threat Of Terrorism898 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorism is defined in the word itself; to promote terror or fear. The goal of a terrorist is also to create the most damage, particularly mass casualties. Terrorists have a variety of ways to instill fear, but what Americans fear most is the use of WMDs. Terrorists have used WMDs as a tactics to induce fear for generations and in some cases they followed thru with their threats. After Pearl Harbor, Americans realized they could be attacked at home, but over time the memory of that day faded andRead MoreTerrorism Is A Threat Of Terrorism1846 Words   |  8 PagesWell known peace activist Mhatma Gandhi once preached, â€Å"Terrorism and deception are weapons not of the strong, but of the weak.† Ghandi dedicated his life to independence for each and every person on Earth. We live in a world where countriesâ €™ biggest fear is the threat of terrorism. To many, terrorism may only seem to be stories in the history books, but in reality in today’s world terrorism is a heightened menace. Terrorism, when defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, means any activitiesRead MoreTerrorism : The Threat Of Terrorism Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages The Threat of Terrorism in the U.S. Thomas McBrien Prof. Tomlinson FCIQ-101 Terrorism is a major, growing concern throughout the United States. Terrorism comes in different forms and also has different motives. The most common motives for terrorist attacks in the United States are different political and religious views. The United States is also a targeted country because they are very involved in other nations. As the terrorist threat continues to rise, the United States must haveRead MoreTerrorism : The Threat Of Terrorism1788 Words   |  8 Pagesdeadly plague known as terrorism. One would think it’s blasphemy that the United States does not help other countries to prevent such a polluted river from flowing, but we must take action because we are all humans and we deserve to live peacefully. Ignorance pours into people s blood by not even noticing how terrorism is beginning to give many presidential candidates a â€Å"boost.† While our government believes that it is better to not become more involved with the terrorism occurring in forei gn countriesRead MoreThe Threat Of Terrorism And Terrorism1979 Words   |  8 Pagesterrorist attack lingers in the minds of not only civilians, but business owners as well. All over the world there is an increased threat of terrorism that public, private and governmental companies face that requires companies to have an increased knowledge and understanding on how to manage the risk of terrorism. With not a single country being able to escape the threat of terrorism, how does a company manage the risk of something that is so hard to measure yet, one of the most catastrophic things a companyRead MoreThe Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism1483 Words   |  6 Pages Nuclear Terrorism Introduction to Homeland Security Victor Reyes Valencia College Abstract Nuclear terrorism can take a variety of forms. The most frequently discussed form involves a terrorist group either stealing a nuclear weapon or building a nuclear device using stolen or illegally purchased nuclear material. This paper explores the dangers and threats of Nuclear Terrorism. It also goes in depth with how the government’s actions have prevented groups, countries and homegrownRead MoreTerrorism And The Terrorist Threat Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pageswithin counterterrorism, views regarding Islamist terrorism appear to be divided even among the experts. Bruce Hoffman and Marc Sageman, two of America’s leading theorists on terrorism and counterterrorism, held opposite views on how to deal with the Islamist terrorist threat, which erupted into a significant debate between the two in 2008. While Hoffman stressed that Al Qaeda is alive, resurgent and more dangerous than ever, Sageman argues that the threat no longer comes externally from organizationsRead Mo reThe Threat Of Nuclear Terrorism986 Words   |  4 PagesThe USA has reported Nuclear Terrorism as the number one issue that all Americans are facing today. Nuclear Terrorist attacks in Paris, San Bernardino, California, and New York have raised tension between the US and other countries, especially Islamic countries such as Iran. Nuclear terrorism has killed many innocent people around the globe. It has become the subject of debate in the USA since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 (Muller, 2016). Nuclear arms production is one of the rootRead MoreTerrorism: A Growing Threat898 Words   |  4 Pagesstruck fear in the eyes of many people by using threats and violence to further political beliefs. Terrorism can be shown in many different ways; however, there are only two main types of terrorism: international and domestic. International terrorism usually occurs outside the jurisdiction, or boundaries, of the United States. Domestic terrorism is the exact opposite, oc curring mostly within the jurisdiction of the United States. The violence of terrorism is usually comprised of assassination, destruction

The Diversity Within The Workplace - 1540 Words

It is a known fact that in order for companies to flourish, excellent leadership practices and employees go hand-in-hand. What most companies have failed to acknowledge is how diversity within the workplace, especially in management and executive leadership, does not have a very strong presence. Numerous executives have embraced the fact that their hiring practices are inconsistent with their new motto (we do not discriminate†¦), but fail to realize that it is more of an internal issue than it is external. The government has tried to regulate some of the practices of hiring and firing applicants. The Americans with Disabilities Act includes protection from discrimination based on a disability as well as requirements for employers and those†¦show more content†¦Louis Gerstner, former CEO of IBM, took the initiative to change the hiring/promotion strategy to encourage diversity in the company. By implementing a diversity task force in addition to personal development, div ersity in the company did not stop when he stepped down. Louis Gerstner, born March 1, 1942, began his career with McKinsey Company as a consultant from 1965 through 1978. He then received a job working for American Express Company as an Executive Vice President and Head of Charge Card Business between the years of 1978 and1981. From 1981–1983, he served as Vice Chairman of the board and from 1982–1985 as President While at American Express. He then joined Travel Related Services between the years of 1985–1989, where he was a Chairman and his first Chief Executive Officer position. He continued on his Chairman and CEO position at Nabisco between 1989 and1993, then later obtained a position at International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation from1993–2002, and is currently at The Carlyle Group where he has served as Chairman since 2003 (referenceforbusiness.com). Louis Gerstner noticed that only a few of the company’s executives had acknowledged that diversity in the company was an area where strategic focus was needed. However, once Gerstner viewed his senior executive team, he noticed that it did not match the diversity of talent that IBM

Essay on The Klu Klux Klan - 2473 Words

The Ku Klux Klan originated over one hundred years ago and has gone through many changes since its beginning. Although many people know the Ku Klux Klan exists, they do not understand its purpose or how it has changed throughout its life. After the Civil War ended, the Southern states went through a time known as Reconstruction. Ex-Confederate soldiers had returned home now, and they were still upset about the outcome of the war. It is at this point in time that the Ku Klux Klan became a part of everyday life for many Southerners. In the beginning the Ku Klux Klan was started to be a way for people who had the same views to spend time together. The original members meant of the Ku Klux Klan to be a hilarious social club that would be†¦show more content†¦After many hours of deliberating they decided on the name derived from the Greek word kuklos, meaning circle Ku Klux.(Intro. to the Knights of the KKK, p.2) The group later added Klan to the word to make the phrase complete. At this time the group decided what to call the different ranks of the members, starting with the leader, the Grand Cyclops, all the way down to the ghouls, or members of no rank. When the men had finished organizing, they were overjoyed about their group, and they decided to show everyone their creation. The members wrapped themselves and their horses in sheet and rode through the small town and terrified everyone, especially Negroes. No doubt, this is the harmless little club that later would be taken to extremes by its members. Admittedly, the Ku Klux Klan did become out of control in later years, but when it was first created it had no specific meaning; it was a way just to have fun. After the members saw the effect the groups appearance had on people, they began to use the results to their advantage. Because the Klan resembled ghost, many of the citizens of Pulaski believed them to be dead soldiers of the Confederate Army when they saw them riding on their horses through the small town. While Negroes were busy avoiding the Ku Klux Klan, its purpose changed. The Ku Klux Klan began aiming its violent actions toward Negroes, Jews, Orientals, and various other members of society that did not belong to the white race. AlthoughShow MoreRelated Klu Klux Klan Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesKlu Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan was a brutal, suppressive cult organization which fought to deny the basic civil rights and human liberties granted to citizens of the U.S. by the Bill of Rights to African-Americans, immigrants, Roman-Catholics, Jews, socialists, communists, and anyone else who went against its beliefs or interfered in its work. The Klan was first established in Pulaski, Tennessee in May 1866 by Nathan Forrest, just two years after the end of the Civil War. Some white southernersRead MoreThe Klu Klux Klan in America Essay2011 Words   |  9 PagesThe Klu Klux Klan was actually started in 1865 by six men in Pulaski, Tennessee and their white, hooded guise was meant to mock ghosts. The name came from the Greek word kuklos which means circle and the Scottish word clan. During its beginnings the Klan was thought to be a passing guerilla organization which would last only as long as â€Å"Northern carpetbaggers, illiterate Negros, and Southern renegades ruled the Southern states† (Secret Societies). By 1868 there were five-hundred and fifty thousandRead MoreExplore the Reasons for the Resurgence of the Klu Klux Klan in 1920s America1535 Words   |  7 PagesExplore the reasons for the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan movement in 1920s America and the political changes it caused. In the 1920s North America experienced a huge rise in immigrants from black, Hispanic and Jewish backgrounds. For the most part they settled in slums, took on poorly paid work and lived lives far removed from most white middle class families. Many traditional northern and southern white Americans were uneasy with this sudden influx and it helped create social tension, particularlyRead MoreThe Black Codes Of Mississippi920 Words   |  4 Pageswhich they deserved. However, the freedom that they deserved was not the freedom that they received. With documents like The Black Codes restricting them from numerous privileges that white people had and the terroristic organization known as the Klu Klux Klan attacking and killing them, African-American’s were still being oppressed by their government as well as their fellow man. Slavery may have been abolished, but African-American’s were not yet given the freedom and rights that their white counterpartsRead MoreTaking a Look a t the Ku Klux Klan636 Words   |  3 PagesThe Klu Klux Klan developed during the Reconstruction period of the United States, after the Civil War(â€Å"Ku Klux Klan†). The organization assembled as a group to intimidate newly freed slaves in the south. They focused on their anger on the government that was supporting African American rights during the â€Å"Birth of the Nation.† The only race that was presented the opportunity to join the organization was WASPs, White Anglo-Saxon Protestants(â€Å"The KKK†). The group included mayors, judges, sheriffsRead MoreThe Great War Was Not A White Man s War1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was not the case. Minorities experienced the twenties much differently than those who remember the decade as exciting. For instance, aboriginal people were expected to give up their cultures and assimilate into mainstream society. Also, the Klu Klux Klan had made its way to Canada, which threatened immigrants and people from foreign ethnicities. Finally, women spent the decade struggling for equality with men. The roaring twenties may not have been as liberating as they seem. To begin, aboriginalRead MoreThe Kkk Klan Klux Klan1860 Words   |  8 PagesHistory 11R 14 January 2015 Klu Klux Klan Life for African Americans in the United States has never been easy. First they were enslaved and later became free. Lastly they just needed the same rights as everyone else. The Klu Klux Klan wasn’t going to let that happen. The Klan wanted to stop all political and economical equality for African Americans. They were violent and terrorized all African Americans and anyone who tried to help them acquire equality. The Klu Klux Klan is a harsh and is extremelyRead MoreAfrican American Oppression Following The Civil War875 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans inferior (Black). The Klu Klux Klan was a vigilante group that had similar goals to the Black Codes (Bryant). Following the Civil War, many confederate veterans made up vigilante groups whose objective was to rob and intimidate freed slaves (Klu). The Klu Klux Klan, also known as the KKK, was a group who was the primary oppressor against African Americans. They wore white robes and sheets in order to not be identified by their victims or other potential witnesses (Klu). Their victims includedRead MoreEssay on American Civil War and Fugitive Slave Act743 Words   |  3 Pagesexplains how the life of an African American remained cruel and taken advantage of through explaining the life of a slave before the War and then the mentality that whites were better than blacks that continued after, seen through the effects of the Klu Klux Klan. First of all, Howard Zinn proves his thesis by talking about the life of a slave prior to the war. â€Å"But can statistics record what it meant for families to be torn apart, when a master, for profit, sold a husband or a wife, a son or a daughterRead MoreTaking a Look at the Ku Kux Klan594 Words   |  2 PagesPulaski Tennessee. The Ku Klux Klan Impacted Civil Rights by discriminating against blacks, Jews, lesibians, gays, Cathlics and white republicans, for instance, in 1867 and onward, people of the South started an underground campaign of violence against all republican leaders, the Ku Klux Klan attacked all republican leaders, including whites, reasoning for attacking white republican leaders is because they hoped to restore the white supremacy in the South. The Ku Klux Klan mainly targeted schools,

Strategies of a Mining Industry-.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategies of a Mining Industry. Answer: Introduction: BHP is an entity made for trading for BHP Limited and BHP Billiton plc. An Anglo-Australian multinational company is involved in mining of metals and petroleum. The company has its headquarters in Melbourne. It was founded in 1885 and by the year 2015, it was the largest mining company of the world and the fourth largest multinational company of Australia. This report includes the various businesses of the company BHP Billiton and the various strategies to be taken for improvement. The structure of the organization, problems, software uses and the vulnerabilities in the system is also included in the report. This report includes the software accounting packages that maybe included in the system. Discussion: In the year 2001, the merger between two different companies, Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP) and the Billiton plc introduced BHP Billiton that is supposed to include all the shares of both the company (Friederich and van Leeuwen 2017). According to market capitalizations of Australia, it ranks among the top largest companies whose business lies in mining. Structure of organization: The company has recently announced the introduction of a new model of operation that is supposed to help the company to grow and to be ready to face the challenges from the market (Ranosz, 2017). The company wants to focus their infrastructure to get geographical operation and global services with high expertise and scaling. Fig: Organizational structure of BHP Billiton (Source: CRONJE and VAN WYK) Problems in operation: Many operational problems are present due to the organizational structure of the company. These risks are evident due to the vast evidence of the international scope created by the organization and all the other industries that are currently involved in doing business that can have an impact in the operation of the company. The fluctuating prices due to changes in the market and the financial crisis of the global market may create a negative impact in the desired results of the company (White 2017). The changes in the market are always a risk and this causes a problem in the operation if the required profit cannot be met due to price reduction. The financial aspects may create a negative impact on the exchange rate of the currency. The changes in the rates of currencies are also a risk to the company (Boulais 2017). For example, a company doing business in a certain country may have an effect on their supplies and operations if the rate of exchange of currencies of that market and the other associated countries involved in the business increase. The changes in the financial policies may affect the business as the company is associated with many clients all over the world and the changes in policies like liquidity or financial market change may lead to a disadvantage for the company (CRONJE and VAN WYK 2017). System acquisition method: The company has revealed information about investment in software models of operation in decision automation of the industry and security of information. It has also made another investment to make the company go digital (Pillay 2017). The technology will be concerned with the digital roles of the company. The company is also looking to create a new and innovated hardware that will focus on improvement of automated operations of the industry. The company BHP Billiton has an architecture that is designed for a hybrid method of operation, which will be automated, and provide use in management and scaling. The software used here is software defined networking (SDN) for processing the IT operations. Sales operation of the company: The company successfully acquires the sale of its products and made auctions for the sale of certain products. Fig: Sales flowchart (Source: Washbourne) The company aims to focus on low cost and large assets that can be expanded. The company is committed to provide focus and investment in the economies of the company, which includes ten operations and four commodities (Washbourne 2017). The operational cost across industries and the robust demand of the products has made the company to give continuous support to the core majorities in the company. Vulnerabilities in the system: Due to the competition of the market for manufactured goods and commodities, the increased resource acquisition from the natural sources for the development of the economy has made the industries a target for cyber threats, which may be disruptive or destructive (Lee et al. 2017). These threats are due to the presence of certain technologies to help thrive in the market. The supply chains of the company in a global level are the main sources of resources for these cyber attacks. These attacks are very targeted and resourceful and the hackers are targeting these industries due to their global impact on the market and their supply chains management. The main vulnerabilities of the mining industries are their major dependence on integrated services to achieve automation in their activities (Walker 2017). As the industry for mining is a target for the economies of a country, the main objectives of hacking into the system is achievement of information about the government, policies and trying to get the analyzed results of a competitor. Stealing insights from a company about the mining prices, which are subjected to volatility due to the market, is a common problem associated to the mining industry. The company is also subjected to natural problems that affect the system of operation. The change in industry is the most common problem that is associated with the industry. The change in the price of ores on a daily basis may affect the cost of operation and if the profit acquisition is not made, the company will not be able to thrive (Kapranov 2017). In addition, the separation of a sister company from the main company led to decrease in asset prices. South32 when separated from the company to get more provisions, it only got a reduced stock prices and this led to downfall. Moreover, the company is associated with tax troubles. Taxes are an important acquisition for a government and if the requirements are not met, extreme actions might be taken. The company is accused of maintaining their operations by doing their activities associated with Australia from Singapore for lowering the tax to be paid to the government. Accounting software packages: The accounting software is used to define a special type of software that is used to record and process transactions relating to the account of the company involved in modules like payable, receivable or balance (Hall 2012). It works as an information system to store the account related transactions. The software may be purchased or third party based which can be used from anywhere. The presence of internet access is a necessity to access the software. This software can be personal, accounting for personal information. These types of software are mainly used to aim their uses for the benefit of home users. The main advantages provided are the budget analysis and the transaction accounting. The low-end market type of accounting software allows general business organizations to use this. The low-end products that have small interfaces can be accounted by this package (Artho et al. 2012). The mid-market package is used to serve organizations that are basing their activities on the medium level of market acquisitions. The high-end market package is used to notify the businesses with high activities on a global scale. The most typical uses are the acquisition of global data and large-scale transactions of the company. The company BHP Billiton also uses accounting software for maintaining their transactional records and provides insights of the financial aspects. The software used by the company is XBRL. The full form of XBRL is extensible Business Reporting Language (Doni, Gasperini and Pavone 2016). The software is intended to be used by both the companies who are dealing and the companies who are purchasing. The basic use of this software is to get accounting insights and financial reports made by the company. The clients and the consumers are the most important aspect in a company and the need to maintain the sales transaction of a company is a necessity. The software is a simple way for financial business reporting. The main features of the software are the ease of transfer between users. The main usage of the software is Excel based and this makes the transfer of reports to users very easy. The software can be used in any computers who have the Microsoft Office version (O'Riain, Curry and Harth 2012). Moreover, the report provided by the software can be used to be converted to any types of documents supported by Java. The software also allows resolving any types of error that are made by the document. In addition, the software supports the easy allocation of information to different types of templates. The templates are readymade and allow easy incorporation of data. The use of XBRL has helped the company to participate in the process of creating IFRS financial reports that had US SEC compliance. Market size: BHP Billiton ranks among the top companies in Australia. Due to a commodity prices surge, the company made a profit in the first half-year of 2017. The company made a profit of 3.2billion$ and the company expects to see a profit of 4.2billion$ in the next half-year. The investors associated with the company is now getting a 0.52$ per share (Floris, Grant and Cutcher 2013). The main cause of such profit acquisition is the rise in prices of the iron and coal ore due to the increase in demand from China. Fig: Market share of BHP Billiton (Source: Floris, Grant and Cutcher) The company BHP Billiton is supposed to have achieved a market cap of 98.3 billion$ by may, 2017. The sales made by the company are 33.95 billion $. Leaders in the market: The BHP Billiton is the top mining company in Australia. But this does not mean that the company will not have fierce completion in the market. The top companies in the global market are surely trying their best to grab a hold of the top ranks (Miller, Van Megen and Buys 2012). The Rio Tinto is another mining company who gives a serious competition to the BHP Billiton. Glencore is another such company in the global market who also gives competition to the company. The presence of better infrastructure and operations are the necessary things that are required for the company to thrive in the global market. Other leaders of the market include the Xstrata PLC, Anglo American plc, MMC Norilsk Nickel and rest. Fig: Share price of BHP Billiton (Source: Miller, Van Megen and Buys) Gaps and challenges: The accounting software packages are used in nearly every business companies to get financial and accounting aspects of the company. The advantage it provides is used to get more efficiency in transactional accounting of the system. However, the main disadvantages are the increased cost (Noble and Smith 2014). The cost of the software is not the only requirement in terms of pricing that are needed to be met but includes the prices of all the other aspects like system requirements, internet access and many more. The possibility of a backup in the system require more technical support and the overall cost to install the system is more and this gives a significant disadvantage. The next disadvantages are the complex nature of the software. Most accountants are not conversant with the software and may need the presence of learning to understand the system. This causes an increase in expense for providing information for learning and gives a stress to the accountants for learning the soft ware. Another disadvantage is the time required for the process to work (Bagley, Dalton and Ortegren 2012). The time that required in storing the information in the software is more than the manual work that can be done. Maintenance is another aspect that provides stress to the company who is implementing it. The time requires for maintenance is much greater and can hinder a days performance. The time and money both spent for maintenance are much greater than the advantage received. These problems need to be referenced as the use of software accounting packages are a necessity for the company. The company needs to hire efficient personnel to handle the software and the company also needs the presence of training materials to be provided to the staffs handling them (Moorthy et al. 2012). The system needs to be made effective and modern to allow effective modernization so that this and any other software can be installed without the need of installation of computer parts every time. Conclusion: The company BHP Billiton thus ranks among the top companies in Australia. The organizational structure present in the company needs to have certain tweaks in the system that will help the company to thrive. The company also needs the presence of certain software for accounting purposes that effectively captures the content without posing any problem for the company. Thus, it is concluded from the report that the integration of certain software in to the system needs to be first analyzed and then implemented to mitigate the risks in the market References: Artho, C., Suzaki, K., Di Cosmo, R., Treinen, R. and Zacchiroli, S., 2012, June. Why do software packages conflict?. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (pp. 141-150). IEEE Press. Bagley, P.L., Dalton, D. and Ortegren, M., 2012. The factors that affect accountants' decisions to seek careers with big 4 versus non-big 4 accounting firms. Accounting Horizons, 26(2), pp.239-264. Boulais, C.M., 2017. Mining Capitalism: The Relationship between Corporations and Their Critics by Stuart Kirsch. Anthropologica, 59(1), pp.172-173. CRONJE, F. and VAN WYK, D.A.V.I.D., 2017. CHAPTER TWO CORPORATIONS, COMMUNITIES AND IMPACT: THE CASE OF COAL FREEK CRONJE AND DAVID VAN WYK. Revisiting Environmental and Natural Resource Questions in Sub-Saharan Africa, p.25. Doni, F., Gasperini, A. and Pavone, P., 2016. Early adopters of integrated reporting: The case of the mining industry in South Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 10(9), p.187. Floris, M., Grant, D. and Cutcher, L., 2013. Mining the discourse: Strategizing during BHP Billiton's attempted acquisition of Rio Tinto. Journal of Management Studies, 50(7), pp.1185-1215. Friederich, M.C. and van Leeuwen, T., 2017. A review of the history of coal exploration, discovery and production in Indonesia: The interplay of legal framework, coal geology and exploration strategy.International Journal of Coal Geology. Hall, J.A., 2012. Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Kapranov, O., 2017. 6 Conceptual Metaphors Associated with Climate Change in Corporate Reports in the Fossil Fuels Market. The Role of Language in the Climate Change Debate, p.90. Lee, K.C., Hsieh, C.H., Wei, L.J., Mao, C.H., Dai, J.H. and Kuang, Y.T., 2017. Sec-Buzzer: cyber security emerging topic mining with open threat intelligence retrieval and timeline event annotation. Soft Computing, 21(11), pp.2883-2896. Miller, E., Van Megen, K. and Buys, L., 2012. Diversification for sustainable development in rural and regional Australia: How local community leaders conceptualise the impacts and opportunities from agriculture, tourism and mining. Rural Society, 22(1), pp.2-16. Moorthy, M.K., Voon, O.O., Samsuri, C.A.S.B., Gopalan, M. and Yew, K.T., 2012. Application of information technology in management accounting decision making. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(3), p.1. Noble, H. and Smith, J., 2014. Qualitative data analysis: a practical example. Evidence-based nursing, 17(1), pp.2-3. O'Riain, S., Curry, E. and Harth, A., 2012. XBRL and open data for global financial ecosystems: A linked data approach. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 13(2), pp.141-162. Pillay, H., 2017. QUT| Staff Profiles| Hitendra Pillay. Ranosz, R., 2017. Analysis of the structure and cost of capital in mining enterprises.Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi,33(1), pp.77-92. Walker, S., 2017. Security Enters a New Realm. Engineering and Mining Journal, 218(3), p.41. Washbourne, M., 2017. Labor pledges to cut red tape. Australia's Paydirt, 1(249), p.9. White, S., 2017. Regulating for local content: Limitations of legal and regulatory instruments in promoting small scale suppliers in extractive industries in developing economies.The Extractive Industries and Society,4(2), pp.260-266 Carvalhal, A., 2012. Do shareholder agreements affect market valuation?: Evidence from Brazilian listed firms.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(4), pp.919-933. Schmitt, A. and Raisch, S., 2013. Corporate turnarounds: The duality of retrenchment and recovery.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), pp.1216-1244.

Guatemalas Economic Performance and Development

Introduction Background to the economic performance and development in Guatemala since colonial period The state of Guatemala is the most populous country in the Central American region, with an estimated population of about 13.39 million people. As of 2013, the country’s Gross Domestic Product per capita is estimated to be one-half that of an average for the Caribbean and Latin American nations (Krznaric 114).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Guatemala’s Economic Performance and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the country was first invaded and colonized by the Spanish, it has largely remained an agricultural economy, with current statistics indicating that the agricultural sector accounts for more than 13% of the GDP and about 40% of the total labor force (Benerà ­a 53). In fact, the country heavily relies on agricultural export, mainly on such products as sugar, coffee, bananas as well as vegetables. The high level of poverty among the native people has been a major challenge for the economy since it gained independence from Spain. The Spanish colonialists exported massive volumes of indigo and cochineal. However, with the invention of synthetic dyes, these two products lost their world market, thus ceased to be the country’s chief exports. For the better part of the 19th and 20th centuries, the country heavily depended on cocoa and oil as the chief exports to fill the export void. By the end of the 20th century, Guatemala’s economy was the largest in Central America (Benerà ­a 53). After the Second World War, Guatemalan government saw the need to reduce overreliance on agriculture by emphasizing on light industries. In fact, the country has been exporting products from light industries since 1970s, including tires, pharmaceuticals as well as clothing. Despite this, agricultural products still remain the major form of economic activity, tak ing over 58% of the national labor force and accounting for over two—thirds of the country’s foreign earnings. Moreover, the country’s standards of living are relatively low, while personal income is yet to achieve the international standards. There is no domestic market in existence, with an exception of the subsistence crops. Although the economy was booming between 1971 and 1974, it was adversely affected by an inflation that reached 21.2% by the end of 1974 and the worldwide crisis in energy. The annual population growth hit 2.9%, while the growth of the nation’s economy reached hit 7.6% in 1976 and 4.6% by the end of 1974 (Chase-Dunn 124). The peace accords signed and implemented in 1996 marked the beginning of a new era, enhancing economic, social and political development after 36 years of civil war and unrest (Benerà ­a 43). The accords required the government, the former rebels and opposition factions to collaborate in social and economic develo pment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It further required them to collaborate in cessation of hostilities, human rights improvement, disarmament and other areas such as tax policy, labor, social spending, rural infrastructure and other areas of importance to the country’s economy. Purpose statement The purpose of this paper is to review the economic development and performance for Guatemala. The aim is to determine the level of economic development and performance, factors affecting this development and performance and the prospects for the country’s economic future. Demographics According to the CIA World Fact Book (2012), Guatemala has a total population of around 14.01 million. The country’s age structure is well distributed, representing a common structure and distribution of a low-income country. Statistics indicate that 37% of the total populatio n is made up of people below the age of 14 years, while youths aged between 15 and 24 years make up some 22.2% of the total population (Krznaric 114). In addition, people aged between 25 and 54 years represent a section of about 31.3% of the total population. People aged between 55 and 64 years make up some 5.1%, while the elderly people (above the age of 64 years) represent the lowest ratio of 4%. Guatemala’s population growth rate stands at 1.95%. The country has a birth rate of 26.48 births per 1000 people, a death rate of 4.92 deaths per 1000 people and a net migration rate of about -2.08 migrants per 1000 people. The total infant mortality rate stood at 25.16 deaths per 1000 live births, with a male infant mortality rate of 27.34 deaths per 1000 live births and a female infant mortality rate of about 22.87 deaths per 1,000 live births (Krznaric 124). While total life expectancy rate of females stands at 73.14 years, that of the males stands at about 69.29 years, making a total of 71.17 years for the total population. Finally, the total fertility rate, going by 2012 estimates, stands at 3.18 children born per woman.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Guatemala’s Economic Performance and Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic growth and performance Guatemala has an estimated per capita income of around $4,155, which means that the country has crossed the poverty line, despite being slightly below the $4,663 average for the lower-middle-income nations in Latin and the Caribbean. Although Guatemalan GDP per capita has grown by an average of at least 2.2% per annum since 2007, the rate is still far below the average recorded in the region (Krznaric 118). For instance, the comparator countries such as Costa Rica and Chile have some of the largest GDPs per capita in the region, with at least $10,437 $11,937 respectively (Krznaric 114). According to the peace accord signed in 1996, the socioeconomic aspects and the agrarian situation has been given a priority in the country’s development. This section, established in paragraph 18 of the accord, has established that the national government would adopt some economic policies in order to permit the nation to embrace sustainable growth rate of at least 6% per annum. However, the country was still performing poorly, with its economic performance between 1996 and 2004 being generally disappointing and below the accord’s target. For instance, the average economic growth at the period averaged at 3.3% per annum. In addition, the actual GDP growth was generally slow between 2001 and 2004, only reaching 2.2% per annum (Benerà ­a 71). However, the growth started progressing, reaching around 3.2% per annum by 2005. By contrast, other members of the LMI-LAC averaged at 3.7% per annum, with Chile and Costa Rica having the largest economic development at 6.1% and 3.2% respectively (Krznaric 13 9). Despite the fact that the 3.2% per annum performance for 2005 is a remarkable improvement in economic development, it is worth noting that this rate cannot effectively sustain the needed levels of employment, poverty reduction and dynamism needed to reduce the country’s cancerous levels of poverty. Moreover, this level is still less than the levels of economic development outlined in the 1996 peace accords. As such, the country is yet to achieve its targets in social and public investments as the required in the peace accords. Human capital formation According to Krznaric (134), the primary cause of these discrepancies can be traced back to inadequate investment as well as issues related to low productivity. For instance, the country’s gross fixed investment for the fiscal year 2004 stood at 17.6% of the total GDP, nearly one point below the 18.5% achieved by the LMI-LAC. In addition, this level was still some points behind the benchmark of 24.3% in statistics. In terms of labor, the country performed quite poorly, with a negative average of -1.1 % per annum between 2001 and 2005. By contrast, regional member states such as Costa Rica experienced an increased economic growth, reaching 3.7% in labor productivity since 2003. Chile has been performing quite well, reaching 1.6 per cent growth in its labor.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) for the country shows a significant declining competitiveness. For instance, in 2000, the ICOR was estimated at 4.3, but by the end of 2004, but by 2007, it had reached a 7.0 mark. This means that the country is in need of at least $7 of gross investment for every $1 in terms of extra output. With quality of capital stock and investment data taken into account, these results provide an accurate confirmation of the indications of the poor productivity and economic growth in Guatemala (Benerà ­a 53). Government’s obligations in economic development The Government of Guatemala announced the launching of a competitiveness program set for 2005-2015 period. This is actually an agenda that was arrived at after a long search and consultation with various parties, including the political, economic and executive branches, international economic advisors and the regional players. Six subprograms have been recognized under the agenda. For inst ance, cluster development for national exports, strengthening of the institutions, rural and economic development and environmental and business social responsibility. Despite the fact that the agenda has now lasted over a half of its expected period, there is little evidence that the program will have achieved its target by the end of its period in 2015. Economists have shown that two factors will determine whether the agenda will be effective in improving the economic performance of the country (Benerà ­a 53). First, the ability and willingness of the national government in putting real monetary resources in the program and secondly, whether individual subprojects within this agenda will be developed, implemented and in accordance with the principles set in 2005. There is need for the country to work closely with donors in financing the projects under the program. When designing such activities, donors should work with other parties to the program both during and after the develo pment and implementation of the subprojects (Benerà ­a 53). Poverty levels and inequality in Guatemala Although both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund consider Guatemala, poverty and inequality levels are significantly lower than that recorded in other low-income nations in Africa and Asia. In fact, it has been established that Guatemala does not face significant challenges in terms of inequality as well as poverty levels (The World Bank 12). Data shows that 56.12% of the people in the country are living well below the national level of poverty. In fact, this level is 15.2 points above the 40.6% benchmark of regression. This provides an estimate of the national levels of poverty in relation to the 37.5% levels set by the LMI-LAC. According to the United States Aid (USAID), the difference in poverty rates between the indigenous and the non-indigenous citizens provides a key factor through which one can understand the equation of poverty in Guatemala (Arends 87). Fro m this analysis, it is worth noting that about 40% of the people in Guatemala are indigenous. The 2000 census, which was a headcount conducted by the authorities, the level of poverty among the indigenous people was about 74%, while that of the non-indigenous people was about 38% (The World Bank 12). Moreover, government statistics in the same year indicated that approximately 24.3% of the indigenous Guatemalans, while that of the non-indigenous was approximately 6.5% (The World Bank 12). Capital accumulation Data provided by the international community is a composite index used to measure three-dimension of human development based on a scale of 0 (deprivation) to 100 (extreme deprivation). In 2000, the same year the government conducted a headcount census, HPI measure indicated Guatemala had a score of 22.9%. By global standards, this is â€Å"not bad†, although it was worse when compared with the regression mark of 17.1% and with Costa Rica (4.0%) or Chile (3.7%). This mean s that in the international arena, Guatemala is the 43rd out of all the 94 developing nations. In contrast, Chile was ranked the third while Costa Rica was ranked the fourth in the same system (Benerà ­a 76). According to the World Bank, one in four people in South America survive with less than 2 US dollars in a day. In the case of Guatemala, the same report indicates that 37.3% of the total population live in this poverty line, while 13.5% of the population survive on less than1 US dollar a day. In comparison, only about 0.8% and 2.0% of the people in Costa Rica and Chile respectively live under less than 1 dollar in a day (The World Bank 12). In addition, both countries have only less than 4% of their population living below the minimum level of energy consumption recognized in the international standards. In fact, the poor distribution of income and resources is based on racial differences, with the majority group of people (the indigenous descendants of the Maya), and living b elow the international standards of income and resource distribution. On the other hand, the minority group, mainly the people of the Spanish and Portuguese decencies, has the largest advantage in social and economic terms. Most of these people live better lives and control more than 90% of the economy, education, health, security and other political and social sectors. For instance, Guatemala was second after Brazil as the worst income distribution of any nation in the region (Benerà ­a 83). Guatemala scored a coefficient of 58.3 on Gini scale. In 2002, the country had 59.5% of the total income accrued to the richest 20% of the country’s total population. It had only 2.8% of the national income accrued to the lower 20% (Benerà ­a 88). In addition, Costa Rica has been known to the Latin America’s most affected nation by poor distribution of resources since colonial times. In 2002, Costa Rica had 54% of the income accrued to the top 20%, while 3.9% of the country†™s income was accrued to the bottom 20%. Geographic information Guatemala is located at 15 30 N, 90 15 W in Central America. It borders the Gulf of Honduras, Mexico, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and North Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 108,889 sq km and is tropical with hot, humid in lowlands and cooler in the highlands. It is highly mountainous with narrow plains. International linkage The major linkage between Guatemala and her neighbors is by road transport, with 14, 000 km of road. In addition, it is connected to Mexico and Honduras by rail. However, the country’s major ports at Puerto Quetzal and Santos Tomas de Castilla are important linkage points to other parts of the worlds. Conclusion This analysis indicates that despite the progress made by Guatemala since the signing of the peace accords in 1996, the country remains underdeveloped, with a poor human capital distribution, high rates of inequality, high rates of poverty and high rates of employment. One of the possible reasons for these poor aspects of social and economic developed is the history, considering the fact that the country experienced some 36 years of civil war and more than 300 years of racial discrimination, especially against the majority indigenous red Indians. The analysis shows that the country has the opportunities to enhance its economic and social growth, given that it has a relatively small population, a medium population growth rate and a massive source of agricultural, mineral and other natural resources. Works Cited Arends, Mary. Female Labor Force Participation and Earnings in Guatemala. Case studies on women’s employment and pay in Latin America. Washington, D.C, 2002. Print. Benerà ­a, Lourdes. Gender, Development, and Globalization. New York: Routledge, 2010. Print. Chase-Dunn, Christopher. â€Å"Guatemala in the Global System.† Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 42.4 (2000): 109-124. Print Krznaric, Roman. â€Å"The Limits on P ro-Poor Agricultural Trade in Guatemala: Land, Labour and Political Power.† Journal of Human Development 7.1 (2012): 112-134. Print. The World Bank. Data; Guatemala. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2012. Print CIA World Fact Book. Central American and Caribbean: Guatemala. CIA, 2012. Web. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt.html Appendix Appendix A: Map and Position of Guatemala Figure 1 (a): Map of Guatemala Figure 1(b). Map of guatemala in relation to south america and the world Appendix B: Economy Appendix B. 1: Guatemala GDP per capita (constant 2000 US$) Graph B2: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $) Figure B (3). GDP per capita growth (annual %) Figure B (4): graphical comparison of GDP between Guatemala and other nations C. Demographics Fugure C (1): Population growth Appendix C: Population Figure C (2): population structure Figure C (3) Total population Appendix D. Inequality Figure D (1): Poverty levels Figure D (2): level of poverty among various groups Appendix E. Unemployment Figure E (1): level of unemployment Appendix F international linkage: Exports and Imports Figure F (1): value for exports in Guatemala between 2002 and 2009 in Million US$ This report on Guatemala’s Economic Performance and Development was written and submitted by user Emelia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Continental Divide and How the Rivers Flow

The Continental Divide and How the Rivers Flow Every continent except for Antarctica has a continental divide. Continental divides separate one  drainage basin from another. They are used to define the direction that an areas rivers flow and drain into the oceans and seas. The best-known continental divide is in North America and it  runs along the Rocky and Andes mountain ranges. Most continents have multiple continental divides and some rivers flow into endorheic basins (inland bodies of water), such as the Sahara Desert in Africa. The Continental Divide  of the Americas The Continental Divide in the Americas is the line that divides the flow of water between the Pacific Ocean and the  Atlantic Ocean. Rain or snow that drains on the east side of the Continental Divide flows toward the Atlantic Ocean.Precipitation on the west side drains and flows toward the Pacific Ocean.   The continental divide runs from northwestern Canada along the crest of the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. Then, it follows the crest of Mexicos Sierra Madre Occidental and along the Andes Mountains through South America. More Water Flow Divides in the Americas To say that any continent, including North America, has a single continental divide is not entirely true. We can continue to divide the flow of water (called hydrological divides) into these groups: East of the Rocky Mountains and north of the Canada-U.S. border, the rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean.Most rivers of the central U.S. flow into the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River. Indirectly, this is an Atlantic Ocean drainage.Rivers on the east side of Mexico and Central America also drain into the Gulf of Mexico.Rivers around the Great Lakes and along the entire east coast of Canada and the U.S. flow directly into the Atlantic Ocean.South America has a true east-west continental divide. Everything east of the Andes flows into the Atlantic Ocean and everything west flows into the Pacific. The Continental Divides of the Rest of the World It is easiest to talk about the continental divides of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia as a whole because many of the drainage basins span all four continents. The Atlantic Ocean:  Along the entire western coast of Europe and Africa, the rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean.The Mediterranean Sea: The southern part of Europe, most of the country of Turkey, and many rivers in the northern part of Africa drain into the Mediterranean Sea. Most notably, the Nile River  flows north and has a drainage basin that reaches south past the equator.The Indian Ocean:  Ã‚  The rivers of countries that surround the Indian Ocean flow into it. This includes most of the eastern coast of Africa, the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia as well as the majority of  Australia.The Pacific Ocean: Along the eastern coast of Asia and Australia, the rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean. This includes China and much of Southeast Asia along with all of the island nations that fill this area of the Pacific.The Arctic  Ocean:  The majority of Russian rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean.Endorheic Basins: Asia and Africa are home to the largest endorheic basins whe re the rivers empty into deserts, large lakes, or inland seas.

The Batek of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Batek of Malaysia - Research Paper Example They are one of the groups of Malayan aborigines (Orang Asli) and from historic times they have always been gathering food by hunting and gathering natural resources (Bisht and Bankoti, 2004, p.100). This paper will focus on forage as primary mode of subsistence of the Batek population and its impact on some aspects of their culture. The Batek have maintained their primitive lifestyles but with time they might be facing challenging with respect to upholding their beliefs and traditions. There is a population of 133,000 Orang Asli in Malaysia and they are divided into 3 groups which again has 18 ethnic sub-groups. Each group has an identity of their and differ in language, culture and also architecture. In the age of urbanization they have adopted modern lifestyles and have come to live in urban areas. However, the Batek still maintain their traditional nomadic lifestyle (Beswick, 2010). The Batek people claim to have a strong and positive relationship with the forest. They hunt for food in the forests and also take refuge in the forests. In spite of their dependence on forests, their everyday life can be in danger. As with other nomadic groups, the Batek too suffer from this fear. The major factor that contributes to their fear of life is falling of trees. The Batek have an inherently practical approach to this problem. They cut down a tree if they think it has the possibility of falling over their camp. If cutting down of a tree does not seem possible then they escape from the way of the tree. As the best and hassle free solution they build their camps in place where there are no old trees so that they are saved from the threat of potential falling trees. In general term, this fear of the Batek of falling trees is a fitting environmental behaviour and can be considered normal for people living among trees. The Batek people believe that the world will cease to exist if no people live in the forests and so according to their belief they are holding up the world by remaining attached to the forests. Administrative boundaries do not restrict the Batak and they move freely in and out of Taman Negar a Park. Based on their political and sexually democratic structure, there exist no boundaries among groups. The main characteristic of their daily camp life is fluctuation. The Batek people always look for new zones for resource and so their encampments are always fresh and in established sites (Tuck-Po, 2005, pp.250-251). A camp group has an average of 38 people and in general does not remain in one place for more than two weeks. They move from one rive valley to another in three to four months. Their movement is not random through the forest. They follow a definite walking trail and other pathways including rivers and streams (Tuck-Po, 2005, pp.250-251). The Batek do not have ownership of lands and they only look after lands. This makes them easier to move every five months so that the forest can replenish (Beswick, 2010). In Batek society leadership is not ascribed. It is based on situation and activity. Although individuals make decisions, still group decisions act as the best c ompromise between peaceful agreements and chaotic conflicts. Dominating behaviour is not favorably accepted and even the children have the right to object and refuse obedience. The nuclear family is the primary unit for production and consumption. An important social performance is the practice of sharing of food between households. The largest share of food that they gather goes to the family members of the hunter and their closest kin and the remaining portion of the food is distributed among the other members of the

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Marketing - Essay Example 2.0 The features indicating achievement of global brand status Quelch (1999) provides a benchmark for the seven characteristics of a brand that are prevalent when a business has achieved global brand status. This is inclusive of strength in the home market, having a geographical balance in sales, the ability to address homogenous consumer needs worldwide, maintaining consistent brand positioning, reducing the country-of-origin effect, the specific product category focus of the firm and corporate name. This section of the report examines the extent to which Lenovo maintains appropriate emphasis on the aforesaid benchmark criteria for advancement to a legitimate global brand. Lenovo must maintain all identified characteristics in order to be considered a victor in becoming a genuine global brand. 2.1 Strength in the home market In 2011, China contributed 46 percent of total business revenues with all supplemental sales stemming from combined international markets and emerging markets ( Lenovo 2012). China is considered the largest personal computer market in the world and Lenovo has managed to increase its market share in this highly competitive technology market. Much of this success is due to a contracted 2011 strategic alliance with Compal Electronics that significantly increased Lenovo’s production capabilities. Through dual investments by Lenovo and Compal, totalling $300 million each, a new production facility was built from the ground up in Hefei, China that exploits the talents and resources of both partners to deliver faster output and more frequency of innovative products (Lenovo 2011). The Chinese personal computer market is projected to achieve a growth rate of three to four percent in 2013, which is largely driven by rural consumer demand for desktop computers (China.org.cn 2013). Whilst the rest of the developed world, such as the United States, has seen declines in demand on personal computers as consumers defect to more agile mobile computin g opportunities, Lenovo operates in a market where rural consumers are witnessing more government investment into infrastructure improvements in rural regions that are increasing personal incomes of rural consumers (China.org.cn 2013). The rural consumer sector is a major market segment within a national population volume of over 1.34 billion consumers (News Limited 2013). Lenovo was very adept in establishing a joint venture with Compal in order to expand the ability to deliver faster production output to the rural regions within China whilst demand for desktop and laptop computers are experiencing growth with a variety of target segments. Lenovo also participated in a government subsidy program designed to give rural consumers less-expensive personal computers which assisted Lenovo in achieving a $1.7 billion USD sales increase in the country (Hille 2009). Lenovo recognises appropriate opportunities to expand its brand presence and hence improve its brand recognition in China. The Chinese government is imposing a variety of new programs to facilitate more economic growth and improve the labour environment within the nation. By engaging appropriate political forces to allow the Lenovo brand to be associated with a nationwide initiative to modernise rural China,

Customer Relationship Strategy Case Study: Sainsburys

Customer Relationship Strategy Case Study: Sainsburys Research background: This research paper is focused strategy fallowed by Sainsbury to maintain customer relationship. In this research paper we will go through the different methods implemented by Sainsbury to gain relation with a customer. In todays global market relationship management had gained a lot of importance in every  business. The customer relationship is not confined with service industry, now a days  manufacturing industries too fallowing good relationship with their customers. The customer relationship management is applied by most of organizations because customer is the king in every business and he is the centre point to provide the revenue to a organization. Customer relationship management is a transparent wall between the customer and organization. Customer relationship will be measured based on the loyalty presenting by customer. So now going to discuss about the strategy fallowed by Sainsbury to maintain customer relationship 3. Organization background: Sainsbury is a super market which will operates its business in retail sector from the year 1869. Sainsburys is started by james and Mary Ann Sainsburys. The growth and development of the Sainsbury was increased rapidly and leads to one of the major player in the retailers of UK. It started from single shop and now grown up to 900 retail outlets in the UK. It performs its business operations with 180,000 employees. Sainsburys is the first supermarket which came in market with their own products like soft drinks, food materials and glossaries. It is one of supermarket which provides it services by online and the customer in the store is also given the chance to bill their products. The major competitors of the Sainsbury are TESCO and ASDA. In the part of business, store deals with different range of products for all class of people in the society. Sainsbury maintains good customer relations. Pest Analysis of Sainsbury Political Factors Taxation Sainsbury will get taxed based on their taxation code provided by the governing  bodies of taxation. Salary The employees are paid highly when compared to the other supermarkets.   Working hours They will give only 2 hours per school children and 20 hours for the  people aged above 18. They follow equal employment and wages act and they provide more health and safety to  employees. Economical Factors- Inflation Rates Unemployment Levels Income Labour laws Skill level of work force Social Factors Demographic Trends Level of education Culture living styles Lifestyles and Attitudes Technological factors Online shopping facility Self checkout tills Widespread availability and high speed broadband internet Electronic Data Interchange 4. Rational for the chosen topic: It is decided to research on the above topic, because of academic, personal and business perspectives. In academic carrier, research proposal study is very appropriate subject for course and my future purpose .This research paper is focused strategy fallowed by Sainsbury to maintain customer relationship. In this research paper we will go through the different methods implemented by Sainsbury to gain relation with a customer. In todays global market Customer relationship management (CRM) is one of the important  tactics to gain the relation between consumer and organisation. Customer relationship  management will leads to the enhancement of popularity of the organization in the global  market. In todays market many of the organisations are implementing this customer  relationship management because customer is the centre point at every business. From the  past records organisation came to single opinion i.e. which organisation has good relation  with it customer will survive for long period in the market. 5. Literature review: According to (Mike Hoots), Customer relationship management is implemented by most of  organizations to know the potential customers of their business and their requirements  expecting from organization side. The organization position in the global market may defined by the customer relations and  their satisfaction. In todays scenarios customer is the king and he is one and only option for  generating the revenue to the business. Customer plays a key role in almost of all the  industries which are service and manufacturing. The organization which is having good  customer satisfaction and excellent customer relationship will gain the business from the  market and the growth of that particular organization will be more when compared with other  organizations which are giving less priority to customer relationship. 6. Research questions: According to the reviewed literatures, they all mentioned that the important of customer satisfaction programme and in which ways it is gained in an organisation. But they did not discover that how the customer satisfaction programmes and customer satisfaction draws a path to a organisation toward success. Thus, this research proposal proposes to analyse to answer these questions: 1. What are the key activities included into Customer relationship management? 2. What are the customer services provided towards customer satisfaction? 3. To what extent does the Customer relationship management contribute to Sainsbury financial success? 7. Research objectives: Objectives of this research paper are to present the evidence for some of the questions and to  gain theoretical knowledge on whats customer relationship management and its effects on  the business. Find out Sainsburys improvement in customer satisfaction and its relationship with existing customers? What are the best approaches to gain a relationship with a loyalty customer? What are the influences of customer relationship on the Sainsburys business and its  development? What are the important strategies implementing by Sainsbury in customer relationship  management to return to its old market position in the retail sectors? 8. Methodologies: Methodology Exploratory research method chosen for this research paper Exploratory research will present the relationship which is existing between two different  variables. Before starting with exploratory research we shall know about the advantages in  taking this kind of research method and how it is more helpful than the other research  methods. Exploratory defines the relationship between the two distinct factors and it will be more  convenient method for this research. This research method is very flexible for providing a  understanding during the decision problems and opportunities. This research method will  help in grabbing the strategy fallowed by sainsburys for gaining the relationship with the  existing customers and to attract the new customers from the global market Sainsbury and customer relationship management are the two distinct variables in this  research paper. This research will goes on what are the different strategies fallowed by  Sainsbury to maintain good customer relationship. Exploratory research will be comfortable  method to carry this research. Data is gathering from either sides of the organization. Inside of a organisation data is  collected from employees and from the customers of Sainsbury That to data is collected from  the employees who are involved in maintaining customer relationship management. Data is  gathered by introducing myself to the customer and explaining the objective of the project  and later had chat about the satisfaction and impression on the organization. Due to casual chat with customer and enquired by about some important things like cost, quality and services providing and finally collecting the information from employees about the customer number of visits to that particular shop Later i followed the passive style, in which i observed reactions of the customers for the  services providing by the employees in the Sainsburys. This research paper is mainly focused to gain a brief understanding about the customer  behaviour; this study was done more qualitative rather than quantitative research. Qualitative  method was carried based on three types which are mentioned below. Face to face interview Semi-structured interview Passive style Face to face Interview- The face to face interview was done with topic related employees in  the Sainsburys and later conducting a interview to a customer directly. This face to face  interview is also called as In-depth interview. Semi-structured interview this is same as face to face interview but i distributed the pre-questionnaire concerning about the interview. Passive style- Passive style is the process of observing the customers without informing them. The customers are identified secretly when the employees are providing service. Apart from the three methods, fallowed the survey method. In the survey method i went through the secondary data like, company website, news papers  and the articles related to the Sainsbury. In this research paper the data collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods. In  the quantitative method the data is in the form of numbers and which is collected by using the questionnaire. The qualitative data which provides the information in the form of description  which is collected by conducting the interview to customers and the employees of  Sainsburys. This research paper needs a detail study so sample questionnaire is supplied to the existing and new customers of Sainsbury and even collected the information orally by asking about the services provided by Sainsbury. Data collection: When conducting data collection, the un structured interviews will be used with Tescos employees and customers to evaluate customer loyalty programme and investigate the customer perspectives. The data concern with perspectives like thinking, satisfaction and believes. To collect these qualitative data, un structured interviews will be suitable than other methods. Because, we can not have predetermined questions for the perspective which might change for place to place as well as person to person. That is why it is decided to conduct un structured interviews. The data will be collected with selected sample units by asking one or two opening questions and conversations for ten or fifteen minutes. The questions will interact with some matters, for example, why Tesco introduced loyalty card?, why the customer prefer often to shopping in Tesco?, how the customers fell when using loyalty card in Tesco?, what are the other services provided to customer? Is the loyalty programme useful to customer? At the mean time, do Tesco achieve its purposes by that programme? This interview will be conducted once a week for five weeks in the Tesco in London. Every time will choose different areas for research; this is because the answers of customers will vary from place to place. And 3 sample units will be selected to investigate each time. 6. Data Analysis: The collected data from fifteen sample units by interviews, will be analysed to accomplish the objective of research proposal. The obtained qualitative data such as opinions, satisfaction and believes will be analysed to decide that really the customer loyalty programme brings customer satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction brings financial success for Tesco within competitive market in UK. References Alan Bryman Emma Bell,2007, Business Research Methods, second edition, Oxford  University press, UK. Mc Burney White, 2007, Research methods, eighth edition, wadsworth cengage learning,  USA. John gill and Phil Johnson, 1991, Research methods for managers, first edition, paul chapman  publishing ltd, UK. AD Jankowicz,2000, Business Research projects, third edition, Thomson learning, UK. Judith Bell, 2008, Doing your Research project, fourth edition, open university press, MC  Graw hill education. UK. www.sainsburys.co.uk, 2010, Sainsbury company overview, (Online), Available from URL   http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=12, Accessed on 27th -03-2010. www2.sainsburys.co.uk, 2010, customer and marketing, (Online), Available from URL-  http://www2.sainsburys.co.uk/aboutus/recruitment/Store+Support+Centre/Custo mer+and+Marketing/Customer+and+Marketing+Overview.htm, Accessed on 01-04-2010.a www.thisislondon.co.uk, 2008, Sainsbury defies the City with yet more sales growth,  (Online), Available from URL-http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard- business/article-23496207-sainsbury-defies-the-city-with-yet-more-sales-growth.do, Accessed on 02-04-2010. www.oppapers.com, 2010, Customer relationship management, (Online), Available from  URL-http://w ww .oppapers .com/es s ays /Cus tomer- R elationship-Management/189988, Accessed on 07-04-2010. www.rgis.com, 2010, Sainsbury overview, (Online), Available from URL-  http://www.rgis.com/assets/pdfs/casestudies/Sainsbury_Case_Study.pdf, accessed  on 09th-04-2010. Corporate Strategy: Financial Strategy and Cultural Effects Corporate Strategy: Financial Strategy and Cultural Effects Introduction The objectives of this paper are two-fold: first, the paper looks at the role of financial strategy in an organisation, the risks faced by an entity and how these risks affect the financial strategy; second, the paper provides a discussion in relation to whether cultural factors have an impact on corporate strategy, as well as whether it is beneficial for an organisation to be ethical. The paper begins by looking at financial strategy and organisational risks. It will later consider cultural and ethical issues. The role of financial Strategy in an Organisation. Financial strategy can be defined as the practices adopted by a firm to achieve its financial objectives. (Harvey, 2004). According to Calandro and Flynn (2007) â€Å"financial strategy can be defined as an interdisciplinary methodology to more efficiently allocate resources within a firm to better or more economically satisfy customer preferences over time†. The later definition stresses the need for customer satisfaction indicating that shareholder value creation depends on customer satisfaction. Although an organisation’s overall objective is shareholder value maximisation, it can only achieve this through high levels of customer satisfaction because it is only through high levels of sales that profit can be generated and high levels of sales can only be achieved through high levels of customer satisfaction. The main financial objective of a profit-making entity is to maximise shareholder value. (Ogilvie, 2005). Shareholder value is measured by the returns shareholders receive each year, represented by the dividend received each year, plus the capital gains from capital appreciation, which is measured by the growth in the share price of the entity. In addition to maximising shareholder value an organisation may have other objectives such as satisfactory returns, high sales levels, high level of customer satisfaction, etc. (Ogilivie, 2005; Calandro and Flynn, 2007). Kaplan and Norton (1996) identify three different stages for a business and note that each of these stages has its own unique financial objectives. The three stages include: (1) rapid growth; (2) sustain; and (3) harvest. (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). At the rapid growth phase the financial objective will be to achieve sales growth, achieve sales in new markets and to new customers, achieve sales from new products and services, maintain adequate spending level for product and process development, establish new marketing, sales and distribution channels. At the sustain phase the organisation will emphasize traditional financial performance measurements, such as return on capital employed, operating income and gross margin. Standard discounted cash flows and capital budgeting analysis will be used to appraise investments although some companies may emphasise the use of more recent appraisal techniques such as economic value added and shareholder value added. At the harvest phase, the main financial objective will be to achieve sustainable levels of cash inflows, in which case any investment project must have immediate and certain cash paybacks. (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Financial strategy constitutes three main stages, which are temporarily linked in a financial feedback loop as shown in figure 1 below. These stages include: (1) strategy formulation; (2) resource allocation; and (3) performance measurement. An important aspect of strategy formulation is strategic planning, which according to Myers (1984) involves the process of deciding how to commit the firm’s resources across different lines of business. Based on the above discussion, one can observe that financial strategy plays an important role in an organisation. It enables the organisation to formulate its strategy, determine how to allocate its resources and enables the company to measure its performance. Financial strategy enables an entity to make an assessment of its financial needs, the sources of support required to meet its objectives and fulfil its mission while at the same time planning for growth and stability. Financial strategy is an indispensible prerequisite for the formulation and development of the budget. Organisations often face a number of risks. These include liquidity risks, interest rate risk, business risks, financial risks, etc. these risks may affect the financial strategy in a number of ways. Financial risk for example is the risk that the company may be unable to meet its commitments to repay interests and principal repayments on its long-term financial obligations. The effect of such a risk on the financial strategy is that the company will emphasise the use of internally generated funds and equity to finance long-term projects rather than issue bonds or other long-term debt securities. Interest rate risk may also affect the firm’s capital structure decision in that perceived high levels of interest rates on long-term debt may reduce the company’s motivation to use debt financing. Foreign exchange rate risk may affect the company’s prospects to expand production abroad, as well as the currency denomination of foreign contracts and sales. Liquidity risks may affect the company’s short-term borrowing. The presence of high liquidity risk may warrant the company to resort to a just-in-time inventory system, reduce short-term debtors by maintaining more strict short-term credit policies and factoring of accounts receivables. Effect of Cultural Factors on Corporate Strategy Andrews (1997: p. 52) defines corporate strategy as â€Å"the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organisation it is or intends to be and the nature of the economic and non-economic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities†. Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). The definition of corporate strategies emphasises the need for the organisation to satisfy the needs of all the stakeholders if the organisation is to achieve is overall objective of maximising shareholder value. Stakeholders include employees, customers and the communities in which the organisation operates. Employees, customers and communities therefore have a significant impact on the success of the organisation and thus on the corporate strategy of the organisation. In formulating corporate strategy, organisations need to identify and priorities strategic issues, which involves scanning, selecting, interpreting and validating information. (Schneider, 1989) To properly formulate its corporate strategy, an organisation must assess its organisational strengths and weaknesses, as well as its environmental threats and opportunities, which will enable it choose among alternative courses of action. (Hofer and Schendel, 1984) cited in Schneider, (1998). This indicates that an organisation must perform a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis prior to formulating corporate strategy. A number of factors have been identified as having an effect on corporate strategy formulation: for example, Kets de Vries and Miller (1984) suggest that managerial personality and experience is an important determinant of the strategy formulation process; Janis (1972) considers group dynamics as an important factor affecting the formulation of corporate strategy while Frederickson (1984); Lyles and Mitroff (1985) suggest that organisational structure plays an important role in strategy formulation. Schneider (1998) citing Schein (1985) notes that National culture could play an important role in strategy formulation as it derives from assumptions regarding relationships with the environment as well as relationships among people. Schneider (1998) argues that these assumptions will influence how information is gathered and how that information is interpreted within the organization. The strategy formulation process can therefore not be considered ‘culture-free’ because information is embedded in social norms and acquires symbolic value as a function of a particular set of beliefs in a particular set of cultures. (Feldman and March, 1981). There are considerable differences in cultures across countries. Culture is defined as â€Å"a system of shared assumptions that has developed over time to solve problems of environmental adaptation and internal integration†. (Schneider,, 1998: p. 152) citing Schein (1985); Van Maanen and Barley (1983). Culture is expected to affect the process by which the environment is known and responded to because it is thought to influence the way people perceive, think, feel and evaluate. (Schneider,, 1998). There are two sets of cultural assumptions that are thought to be specifically relevant to the formulation of corporate strategy. These include external adaptation and internal integration. (Schneider, 1998). On the one hand, external adaptation refers to the relationship with the environment while internal integration on the other hand refers to the relationships among people. The forgoing indicates that cultural factors have a significant effect on corporate strategy and thus calls for a critical consideration of cultural differences especially for multinational companies that usually operate in a number of different countries with varying degrees of culture. A company therefore stands to gain a lot from being ethical. Companies that are perceived as being unethical may suffer from declining sales and thus declining profit margins. There are also differences as far as ethical issues are concerned. What may be considered unethical in one country may be considered ethical in another country. For example, Muslim communities do not eat pork meat and thus will consider a company that attempts to market pork related products as contravening their cultural believes. In addition there are considerable differences in relation to organisational hierarchy across countries. In countries where power distance is considered very important, information is likely to flow only from top to bottom and not from bottom to top. In addition, an autocratic form of leadership is likely to prevail in such societies. On the contrary, in a country where power distance is considered less important, there would be a two way flow of information and a democratic leadership style is likely to prevail. For example, Motorola faced a number of problems when it expanded its activities to South Korea. (Siegal et al., 2007). In like manner IKEA, the giant furniture dealer faced difficulties when it expanded its activities into the United States. (Grol et al., 1998). BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews K. (1997). Resources and Strategy: A Reader, edited by Nicolai J. Foss. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198781792, 9780198781790 Calandro, J. Jr., Flynn, R. (2007). â€Å"On Financial Strategy†, Business Strategy Series, vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 409-417. Harvey G. (2004) â€Å"Financial strategy† available online at: http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Financial+strategy Grol, PC, Schoch, C, CPA. (1998). IKEA: managing cultural diversity. In Cases in International Organizational Behavior. Oddou G, Mendenhall M (eds.). Blackwell: Malden MA; 88-112. Janis, I. L. (1972) â€Å"Victims of groupthink†, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1996), â€Å"Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy†, California Management Review, vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 53-79. Feldman, M. S., and J. G. March (1981) â€Å"Information in organizations as signal and symbol†, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 26, pp. 171-186. Fredrickson, J. W. (1984) â€Å"The comprehensive of strategic decision processes: extension, observations, future directions†, Academy of Management Journal, vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 445-466. Kets de Vries, M. F. R., and D. Miller (1984) â€Å"The neurotic organization†. San Francisco : Jossey Bass. Lyles, M. A., and I. I. Mitroff (1980) â€Å"Organizational problem formulation:  an empirical study†. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 25, pp. 102-119. Myers, S. C. (1984). â€Å"Finance theory and financial strategy†, INTERFACES, vol. 14 No. 1 pp. 126-137 Ogilvie, J. (2005). Financial Strategy, Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN 0750664894, 9780750664899 Schneider S. C. (1989), â€Å"Strategy Formulation: The Impact of National Culture†, Organization Studies, vol. 10, pp. 149-168. Siegel, J. I., Licht, A. N., Schwartz S H. (2007). Egalitarianism, Cultural Distance, and FDI: A New Approach available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=957306

Canada and The Great Depression of the 1930s Essay -- Canadian Histor

1929-1939- The Great Depression The depression years of 1929 - 1939 proved to be the worst, and some of the best years for Canada and Canadians. It was a time of extreme highs and lows socially, emotionally, and economically. It was a time that Canada came into her own being on the world wide stage. During the worst depression years in Canada, there were many people who tried tirelessly to get Canada out of the crisis she was in more quickly and efficiently. William Aberhart and his group of supporters had a plan that they were sure could help and even end the depression and its horrible effects. His theory was if a twenty-five dollar cheque was given monthly to each family, it would alleviate their financial fears and jumpstart the economy. Having confidence in his idea, he went to share it with both political parties. Unfortunately, both parties rejected the idea; saying money would only become more worthless. Even after running and being elected as Premier of Alberta, the resolution was not accepted because of the overwhelming responsibility towards the federal government. Even though Aberhart’s plan was not put into action, there were many others like him whose voiced opinions and ideas encouraged the end of the depression. William Lyon MacKenzie King was a main contributor towards leading Canada out of the depression. When the depression started, King was still in the position of Prime Minister; so when the election of the 1930’s came, King had a new opponent. His opponents name was Richard Bennett. Bennett suggested that tariffs should be raised, and that the wealthy and stable should give to the poor; while King was campaigning for lower tariffs, attempting to help those who were poor and needy without taking from ... ... and it was to operate just like any other kind of insurance, such as life or fire insurance. Premiums and benefits were to be carefully calculated and paid out to those who required assistance. The Act also created the National Employment Service to help the unemployed find work. Overall, the Great depression was a hard time for most Canadians, and the concept of unemployment insurance brought Canada to the world wide stage. Whether it is Prime Ministers opening relief programs, events which supported the upbringing of our country, the inventions which boosted our economy in giving us more trade, or the Depression in general, the whole period of time starting from the market crash to revival was the event which Canada showed the world that we are strong and not easily crushed. Therefore, the key event in this decade is the Great Depression and the acts towards it.