Individual, State and Society

This essay shall critically comment on two quotations. The first quote is by Margaret Thatcher who said: â€Å"There is no such thing as society, only individuals and their families† and the second quote is by David Cameron who said: â€Å"There is such thing as society: it’s just not the same as the state† To critically comment on these quotes that were stated in a political setting, references shall be made to the political ideologies the subjects held and the context they appeared in will be analyzed.Additionally different political basic ideologies will be named and outlined to give a broader understanding and contrast in the analysis. Furthermore, Plato’s The Republic (360BC) and existentialist Jose Ortega’s Man and People, (1957), shall attempt to lend their wisdom from their philosophical works, to shed some light and give meaning on the complexity of these two quotes. For clarity British conservatism’s history will be looked at closel y. Terms Individual, Society and State are briefly defined now. An individual is generally speaking a person separate from others, with his/her own needs, values and desires.The word originates from Latin in-dividuus, meaning indivisible, referring to a single human being, separate from a group. A society is made up by a collection of individuals. The etymology of the word originates in Latin societas, derived from socius which translates as comrade, friend or ally, indicating relations. It can for instance be such as a group of people, subject to law and political authority, or a group of like-minded people, sharing the same norms and values. Often, therefore, societies are formed, such as medical-, esoteric- or literary- for example.The word society always refers to relations between people – they may share a certain culture, territory, economic, political or social structure. The state can be called an organized, a political community under government: a sovereign state is a public, political entity, recognized in national law. Other words associated with state are machinery, a system, imposition/obligation and polity. Named and outlined below are various different political and social philosophies and ideologies: Communism Is a Latin word derived from communis and means -shared or -belonging to all.The terms communism and socialism are somewhat inter-changeable. These political ideologies followed communist philosopher Karl Marx’s 10-point communist Manifesto from 1845, he was quoted in saying; â€Å"Workers of the world, unite, you have nothing to loose, but your chains. † Marx was interested in building a free society without division or alienation. He believed this could only be achieved by a revolution seeking to overthrow capitalism and to have state ownership by the means of production –this in short meant the dictatorship of the proletariat.The aim in mind was for the working class to replace the exploiter class and to cr eate equality, a no-class system, abolishing privatization, with re-distribution of land and production. A good example of the workings of Communism, as efforts in co-operation, would be a Kibbutz, mirroring a microcosm of this ideology. Well known communist leaders and dictators of a serious nature and totalitarians, were Mao Zedong and Stalin for instance. Socialism Latin in origin, sociare translates as -to share.The older view of communism and socialism was built on 5 tenets: Stress on community, cooperation, equality, social class and common ownership. Marx had ideas about balancing the material and the moral and also said: â€Å"From each according to his ability to each according to his need. † Socialists are reformers and believe if the structure of society changes, things will change, similar to the beliefs held by Marxist Terry Eaglton. Socialism is about the group, having a collective, a solidarity and brotherhood, with no individual advantage.An evil in society to a socialist goes back to the structure of the society, rather than an individual. Socialists’ ideologies are concerned with outcome and what we can become, a somewhat utopian idea. Socialism and communism collapsed between 1989 and 1991. Nowadays socialism is democratic labourism; often associated with trade unions – seen defending workers’ rights. Liberalism Etymologically speaking the term derives from Latin liber- translating as -free. Liberals, next to favoring free market trade, also believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all.As an enlightenment movement it started in Europe with Gladstone in 1868 (first lib. PM) leading the revolution, seeking to reform and change, arguing we can all get to the top, by basing your conviction on your own reason. Liberals challenged the Monarchy holding all powers and money and this time became known as the age of reason, associated with the slogan â€Å" Don’t behold to class. â €  On the political ideology’s spectrum liberalism is somewhere in the middle between left, communism, and right, fascism.This ideology grew out of the collapse of communism and socialism, belonging to the post-modern (industrialist) era and is also known as Anarcho–Capitalism, marking middle ground between authority and liberty. Thereafter the middle-class was born. Democratic liberals stand for government action to achieve equal opportunity and support democracy. They maintain it is the government’s duty to alleviate social dysfunction and to protect civil liberties including individual and human rights.The liberal government’s policy should ideally ensure that no individual is in need and also if problems arise theirs is the duty to solve problems. Somewhat opposing this concept is their own policy that the state should not interfere in personal lives, as it needs to be a policy of individualism. Justice for a liberal means equal opportunity, like h ealth-care for instance. Additionally liberals are also committed to pluralism and multi-culturalism. Ideally tolerant, a liberal’s motto is; â€Å" I detest what you’re saying, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. Liberals prime motivator is the pleasure of profit and the gathering of one’s own self-interest. Unlike Socialist, liberals see themselves separate from the state and are not primarily concerned with the common good or society. F. F. Y. said: â€Å"You can’t be a liberalist without being a capitalist. † John Locke defined 3 fundamental rights of Liberalism which are: Life, liberty and property and Stuart Mill remarked that this idea can become a license and that it can only be restrained if someone’s liberty is threatened.Hence Liberalism can easily dissolve into Egoism and severe greed, on a positive note, it may encourage the flourishing of an individual, though. Negative liberty, as reflected in European auster ity measures presently or Ireland’s Budget 2012 for example, would be freedom from the constraints of freedom. Here a list close to the values of a liberalism’s vision: Capitalism, no intervention/regulation in economy, anti-racism, anti-capital punishment, anti-weapon bearing, pro-environment, pro-euthanasia, pro- abortion, pro-immigration, pro U.N. , pro-War on Terror, pro-welfare. Fascism (is here listed before Conservatism, but follows Conservatism on the political spectrum from extreme left to extreme right) facses derives from Latin and means -bundle of rods, and symbolically speaking it depicts strengths of unity. Fascism is an anti-democratic, political system with a supreme leader exercising dictatorship. Hitler and Mussolini are examples of fascist leadership. Their ideologies are radical, authoritarian and nationalist in nature.The community is viewed as an organic entity and bonded by nationality, ancestry, culture and blood. As a state it is totalitarian, with only one party ruling. The leader holds sole power and oversees the fascist movement, government and other state institutions. Opposition is not tolerated and always suppressed. Fascists, in order to keep their ideologies running, anything out of their norm, such as ideas, people and systems undermining the norm or become, as they view it, the cause of decadence or degeneration, are purged and gotten rid off.Fascism promotes violence and war to overthrow other political systems, thus is militarism in nature. It’s almost anti everything, it opposes class based identity and society, is anti-bourgeois, anti-proletarian and anti- individualist based identity and society. In Nazi Germany, for instance, this system became known as â€Å"The Third Way†. Economically speaking, it therefore contests capitalism and socialism and is in policy a state directed-regulated economy against the power of money. Social welfare is not tolerated, as it would support â€Å" the weakâ € , as Hitler believed.Generally fascism holds dark, radical ideas on culture, sex and sexuality, also concerning abortion, eugenics and euthanasia. Virtues valued by fascists are action, discipline, hierarchy, spirit and will. It claims to seek positive transformation in society believes in education, spiritual renovation (anti-clerical) and fosters the will to dominate in a united national identity. (*Although a general outline of fascism was given, fascism’s ideology can be hard to define, as it mixes doctrines of left and right) Conservatism The term originates from the Latin word conservare, meaning -to preserve.Conservatism is a political and social philosophy with a belief that it is generally considered best practice in keeping traditional institutions and advocates changes in society in a gradual and slow manner. As Conservatives value stability and continuity by preserving things as they are, they tend to oppose modernism. Conservatism, though, can differ in poli cies depending which country or continent it is practiced in or on. Largely speaking, Conservatives support personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, and empowerment of the individual to solve problems to pursue their own goals.A list of their general policies looks like this: Anti-abortion, education according to ability, anti-racism, pro capital punishment, free market economy, privatization, school vouchers, support nuclear power and oil-drilling, prohibit euthanasia, non-belief in climate changes, pro-arm bearers, private healthcare, pro-homeland security screening, anti-immigration (only legal), pro-private property rights, oppose long-term welfare. For simplicity and relevance this essay shall stick with, and outline British Conservatism, as our quoted subjects in this essay, Margaret Thatcher and David Cameron, both belong to this party.Development of British Conservatism was as follows: Irishman Edmund Burke, a Wig at source (opposed to Monarchism) became kn own as the father of Conservatism (Tory Party – a hierarchal society/ ruling by divine right). The British Conservatives of the early 19th century were rural landowners of Anglican confession; they were royals by association, possessed property and adhered to their beliefs that were to follow an established social order and the existing conventions.However, a little time later the aristocracy’s belief-system was challenged, as the industrial elite, consisting of rich businessmen, called for revolution, sought power and thereby threatened the established social order. Negotiations followed and Robert Peel reconciled the two opposing parties in 1846 with the â€Å"Corn-law† repeal. The aristocrats, longing to return to their medieval ideas and the business class, favoring laissez-faire capitalism, managed to form a coalition, meaning the prior kept their status quo and the latter got their free trade policies.Now the Conservative party was made up of Royals, tradi tional landowners and industrialists. Prime, Benjamin Disraeli, a medieval romantic at heart, foresaw an alienated industrial proletariat with this new coalition and formed a new political ideology in form of the â€Å"One Nation† policy, which is still in practice today and supported numerous social reforms since. The idea behind the new policy was to return to an organic society whereby each and everyone should have duties towards other people or groups.Remarkably, Disraeli, who was a conservative, not a Marxist, aimed to unite the aristocracy, the middle and the working class, the latter he tried to shield from being exploited. The 1920’s saw the liberal movement collapse, as labour ascended. During WW2 the conservatives aligned with labour, however, it was more a pragmatic move to fight the war, than a love affair. From the 1950s to the mid 1970s in usage were progressive broadly pro-labour and semi- socialistic policies by successive British governments, including conservative ones.Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the Conservative Party in 1979 and remained in office until 1990. With her leading the party, a dramatic shift occurred in British conservatism with a big movement towards free market economic policies. Privatization of state owned industries became commonplace during her time. She was described as a classical- radical- liberalist, inconsistent with the concept of conservatism in the U. K. – it is often believed her policies challenged and confronted traditional institutions and rocked philosophies of the elite and the old British, established social order in general.Her politics became known as Thatcherism, termed by Stuart Mill. Thatcher’s policies largely remained as they are until today and anti-trade union legalization is still in place. After various Prime Minister’s in the U. K. , David Cameron, known to be a neo-liberalist, heading the Conservative Party, is now Prime Minister and his party is in coalition with liberal-democrat’s Nick Clegg. Looking back, in terms of supply-side economics and many countries copying Thatcher’s then successful model of free market policies, Margaret Thatcher’s Thatcherism has its critics.On another note, some disagree strongly with the idea that she was a radical neo-liberalist, opposing the established, for they argued that she didn’t challenge the monarchy, but only recent additions to British politics instead, which were the trade unions. The mentioning of her name nowadays still remains in people’s minds with strong associations of this bit, â€Å"standing up to the trade unions. † Her opponents would comment she was a monetarist, controlling inflation, not unemployment – the latter doubled during her first 2 years in office.A possibly strong argument, as, during her term as prime minister, she ran a stern government/state, restraining labour movement, local authorities and trade unions. Thatcher also joined the House of Lords and was rather conservative regarding morality, as an anti-gay supporter, she was also known to have defended capitalism and free market policies by saying that we all had a choice and was once heard to have given a rather unsympathetic theological address at a religious ceremony where she cited St Paul by saying, ‘if a man will not work, he shall not eat’.At the end of her term, 30% of children were regarded as living below the poverty line. As prime Minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher received many labels during her time but of all, she was never labeled something as sweet as â€Å"Queen of Hearts†, the title people loving, tragic Diana received for instance, and this following quote may explain why, as Mrs. Thatcher said: â€Å"There is no such thing as society, only individuals and their families† Unemployment in the U. K. post Thatcher had minimized for a while and more han 20 years later with David Cameron leading the conservatives as their Prime Minister nothing much has changed in political ideologies of the conservative party. While it was trade-union issues then, it’s become the middle-class issues now. Britain presently faces various issues it tries to tackle, such as stronger tax increases on the middle-class, over-dependency on the public sector, mass-unemployment and welfare concerns, budget deficits and the European crisis.However their likeable, observant new leader David Cameron, a Tory, is reputed to be much more of a people’s person than Thatcher was, delivering rhetorically fine and caring speeches for all. During the recent riots in London, Mr. Cameron commented in a news report that society was in trouble, by saying there were pockets of society not only broken, but sick and he further elaborated and explained that causes for the riots, as he saw it, were a complete lack of responsibility in our society and that he felt, people felt they are owed somethin g.Some are impressed by and praise Mr. Cameron’s passionate and determined involvement, despite being a Tory leader, on social issues, such as his recent project Big Society bank and others feel his recent proposal to privatize and save the NHS, by opening it up for private scientific investors to carry out patient research within, doesn’t add up, regarding his general display of sensitivity, warmth and care for pressing societal issues.This apparent division in policy and inconsistency in his actions, is also reflected in his speech when he said: â€Å"There is such thing as society: it’s just not the same as the state. † 20th century liberalist, existentialist philosopher and journalist Ortega might have had a minute of sympathy for Margaret Thatcher’s somewhat heartless, â€Å"-individuals-† remark and also for receiving such public criticism regarding the trade union issues, as he said in his Man and People, (1957): ‘There is striv e and struggle at the heart of all social relationships. Aristotle would have argued this and would have accused Mrs. Thatcher of acting unjust and unfairly regarding her single-minded political ideology, by trying to reason and appeal to her higher, contemplative nature, he might have attempted to convince her that man is a social animal and needs others. Ortega partly agreeing on contemplation, would have possibly come to Mrs. Thatcher’s defense by saying: â€Å"Man is naturally unsociable, man wants to leave, flee from it. † Plato would have grilled Mr. Cameron on the danger of having charitable Big Society ideas.Plato might have attempted to curb big-hearted, spirited Mr. Cameron a little, by indicating that heroism and self-sacrifice are dual and could lead to tyranny and anger at the sight of injustice. Ortega, regarding the incident with the rioters, which had upset Mr. Cameron in terms of lack of responsibility people nowadays have, would have maybe offered ano ther existentialist interpretation concerning irresponsible rioters, by suggesting that we all lived in our own world and wanted freedom from responsibility.Plato, the philosopher king and Socrates’s friend and pupil, wrote his own intellectual autobiography The Republic 2025 years ago. The booklet, written by Plato in disillusionment, after Athenian democracy failed, was to be the ideal blueprint for society, in the text Plato holds dialogues in form of Socrates with the sophists. The aim of Plato’s dialogues was to harmonize individual and city. The main themes occupying the dialogues are the questions: What is justice and how can we achieve happiness (eudaimonia) in the city.Plato was the first person in history to set up an academy in 386BC, as he was passionate teaching philosophy to statesmen, educating them. Surely Plato would not have been happy with Mrs. Thatcher’s and Mr. Cameron’s quotes. Had he been around, he might have helped them descend fr om their Toryian thrones and lead them down, down, down to the the low, low, low and mean streets of East London, to face their own daemons, in order to order their souls!As Plato in his dialogues argued that in order to give a transcendent vision, and he gave an analogy for this in The Republic symbolically speaking -from the Acropolis (heaven) to Piraeus (seedy harbor district of Athens’s), one needs to go down and descend into their dark, murky waters of the psyche to face and confront their own inner hell first and remove shackles of the past, as it is only then that one can ascend with a transcended vision to lead a polis (society). According to Plato, and psychoanalyst Freud (descend) and Franklin (ascend) would have agreed with him, only souls (individuals) that had gone through this particular ransformation process first, would make up a well functioning society – based on good mental health, consisting of truth, goodness and beauty. Regarding Mr. Cameron and M rs. Thatcher’s quotes then, instead of rhetoric (sophistry) Plato would have expected wisdom (sophia) and an ability to articulate a transcendent vision from the rulers of Britain’s Conservative party, as he may have otherwise suspected their political system to fail, just like the sophists Athenian democracy did, 2025 years ago.In The Republic, which he wrote in homage to Socrates, who died for truth and justice, Plato maintained that there is no justice to be expected, unless rulers become philosophers and philosophers become statesman. This essay attempted to critically comment on two quotes made by two of Britain’s Prime Ministers. An analysis of British conservatism’s ideology and their party’s history was drawn up and explained, and possible views to the meaning and interpretations of these two quotes, in the light of philosophy and politics, were offered. Terms and different political ideologies in general were also outlined. .

The Tale Heart, The Raven, And Young Goodman Brown

Ever since the invention of language, humans have been obsessed and intrigued with the aspect of storytelling. Each story, whether written or spoken, holds an important theme within its creative words and exciting plot. While each story is special and unique, over the course of history, different periods of literature have formed where authors tend to focus on similar themes and messages. One of which was the American Romantic era, where authors used their stories to challenge the boundaries of society, and delve deeper into what makes people inherently human, both the flaws and perfections. Some of America’s greatest works of literature were born in this period, like those of Poe, and Hawthorne. A very common literary theme during the romantic period was that of good versus evil, in both individual characters and society as a whole; this theme is especially evident in works such as The Tell Tale Heart, The Raven, and Young Goodman Brown. Edgar Allen Poe’s The Tell Tale Heart is a perfect example of good versus evil in a romantic work. The story deals with and is told by a madman, who is taking care of a man that he plans to soon kill, as he cannot stand the man’s bulging eye. This theme of morality against sin comes up multiple times within the story, but is most evident when the narrator is debating whether or not to shut the old man’s eye once and for all. Every night the narrator goes and looks at the old man, but the eye is closed and without a motive, he fails toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1416 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe, born in the year 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, was also a writer in Dark Romanticism. An orphan at a young age, Poe was going through a tough childhood. He took in gambling in his college years, and enlisted in the army. Struggling through poverty, he managed to win a contest with his short story, and he started devoting his life to writing. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBommer, Cleveland State University Bryan Bonner, University of Utah Jessica Bradley, Clemson University Dr. Jerry Bream, Empire State College/ Niagara Frontier Center Jim Breaugh, University of Missouri Peggy Brewer, Eastern Kentucky Univ ersity Deborah Brown, North Carolina State University Reginald Bruce, University of Louisville Jeff Bruns, Bacone College Pamela Buckle, Adelphi University Patricia Buhler, Goldey-Beacom College Allen Bures, Radford University Edith Busija, University of Richmond Holly

Apple - 1107 Words

Apples reputation and success almost proceed its products but then when analyzed the products definitely meet the standards that the company has advertised to the consumer. It would be nearly impossible to narrow down exactly what attributes to all of Apples success, there is simply too many. However two reasons do tend to stand out and that would be Apples ability to master the dimensions of consumer demand and market demand. Founders of Apple: Steve Jobbs and Steve Wozniak took their ideas and products all the way to the top, though there is a lot more too it then what meets the eye the actual concept does appear to be simple. All Apple really did was maintain selling the same products worldwide and maintained consistent products†¦show more content†¦Not everyone can afford Apples many top-of-the-line products and as a company Apple recognized this and made different models of each specific item to fit almost every kind of budget. The company has done very well in projecting the popularity of their products in various markets and has yielded great success which has built a very solid foundation for future supply and demand of their products. Apple has done a good job at navigating what is called the â€Å"Macroeconomic Risk† which was addressed in the previous paragraph but there is yet one more major risk that are, at the least, very difficult to predict and control. This is what is known as the â€Å"Operational Risk† and every company is at risk of the variables that it brings. Unfortunately, some of the countries that Apple manufactures its products in could be having issues internally or externally with other countries and as a result a war could manifest and that could be damaging to many aspects of the company, especially to production. Another issue could be unhappiness of the employees; if they feel as a group that they arent being treated fairly they could start a strike. 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“The People Who Are Crazy Enough To Think They Can Change

â€Å"The people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.† -Steve Jobs Steve jobs has gone down in history as one of the greatest inventors in the world. He created Apple with his friend, Steve Wozniak. Together they made smart phones, computers, handheld music players, and tablets. Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. As a baby, he was given up for adoption by two University of Wisconsin students because they were not ready to have a child yet. He was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs. The family of three lived in Mountain View, California in Silicon Valley. When Jobs had spare time, he would work on electronics in the garage with his dad. He learned how to take them†¦show more content†¦A couple of years later, Jobs found out that he had a biological sister, Mona Simpson, who was also given up for adoption. Jobs met Laurene Powell and got married. Together they lived in Palo Alto with their three children: Eve Jobs, Reed Jobs, and Erin Sienna Jobs. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, Jobs’ other daughter, also lived with them. Jobs was twenty-one when he and Wozniak began the Apple computer in 1976. They did not have any money so they got funding by selling Jobs’ car and Wozniaks’ scientific calculator. The two began by making machines cheaper, smaller, and more useful in an everyday life. They made the Apple computer and sold it for $666.66. By the time that the second model came out in 1984, the Apple II, sales rose to $139 million. It was a publicly traded company therefore, at the end of its very first day, Apple had a stock market value of $1.2 billion. A new software and computer company, IBM, surpassed Apple and Apple began to plummet quickly. Many of the products after that had major design failures. In 1984, Apple released the â€Å"Macintosh† computer which helped Apple greatly but not enough. Since Apple was not doing well, Jobs departed from Apple in 1985 and started a new software and hardware company called NeXT Incorporated. Jobs bought an animation studio from George Lucas which became Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs also invested $50 million of his own money into the company. After, Jobs produced well-known movies such as Finding Nemo, TheShow MoreRelatedWhat makes an individual insane? Sometimes it’s the way they behave around someone or act. They do600 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes an individual insane? Sometimes it’s the way they behave around someone or act. They do things that make them look stupid according to society need. Then there’s a second way on how they approach the world and t hink. One example of insanity in literature is writing words/stuff same thing over and over again and I would call that insanity. In general, the significance or meaning of the word insanity is madness or foolishness. 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Can what we casually toss around in conversation truly affect those who may be privately battling these conditions? Such language is used in various situations, whether casual or serious. In example, during recent events such as the BostonRead MoreHigh Performance Athletes Concerned With Optimum Muscle Growth And Repair Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesWinidrol Winidrol Crazy Bulk Winidrol contains benefits specifically tailored to high performance athletes concerned with optimum muscle growth and repair. Winidrol provides a measurable increase in strength and speed and reduces body fat while improving the retention of nitrogen during protein synthesis for use in cell replacement and tissue regeneration. Additional nitrogen is necessary to increase the ability to build muscle. Additionally, Winidrol can increase blood flow and improves cardiovascularRead MoreThe World Through Their Eyes1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe World Through Their Eyes We can disagree with them, appreciate or belittle them but one thing we must never do is ignore those who think differently because â€Å"the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.† Steve Jobs. At first the world rejected Zuckerber, Jobs and Hawking’s attempt to change societey and called them crazy. These three people’s alternative thinking molded societey into the remarkable place it is today. Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs andRead More21 Fun Facts About Coffee Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesamazing coffee facts. So sit back and enjoy the following list of crazy coffee facts. Crazy Fact 1. Coffee was discovered with the help of crazy goats Like various other discoveries, the magical powers of coffee was discovered with the help of crazy goats. Ethiopian Shepherds noticed strange effects in their goats as they started dancing after their meals. Later, they realized that goats danced whenever they ate coffee berries. Crazy Fact 2. The history of the word â€Å"coffee†? Coffee was first knownRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominance

Comparative Advantage and Opportunity Cost

Question: Provide a cost/benefit analysis describing your own decision to pursue higher education. What is the opportunity cost of continuing your education? Answer: Abstract: The study is focusing on the application of economics theory of comparative advantage and opportunity cost. The cost and the benefit relation are also discussed. Perhaps the most important factors of cost-effective production are the main theory related to comparative advantage and opportunity cost. Introduction: The economics is the study of demand and supply. The relative understanding of the opportunity cost and the comparative advantage allows choosing base alternative available. To understand the definition and application of economics in real life scenarios, we need to analyze a certain situation. The question and the answer of it is linked to opportunity cost and cost-benefit analysis. What is going to be the life after 2016? What will you do after college? How much will you earn from the first job after college and the related expenditure of education? Where will be your friends (girlfriend/boyfriend)? Who will you marry? What will be the cost of the house? Analysis of opportunity cost and cost and benefits analysis: The understanding of the basic concept of economics and salary of job is needed to be discussed in the opportunity cost. The cost of an opportunity foregone is the answer that will be the answer of opportunity cost. What will you do after college? is the idea about state of economy. Whom will you marry has the relation to cost and benefit analysis. Answer to the question about what will be the cost of the house? has the clear idea of housing market (Schofield, 2011). What to produce? Has the relation to the matter of opportunity cost and cost and benefit analysis. The cost and benefit analysis helps to choose among the best possible situation and the business. The increasing educational cost and the availability of income opportunity and job give us the idea of cost benefit analysis. The increasing cost of education and the unavailability of jobs and income opportunities will negatively impact business (Hubbard, Garnett, Lewi, Anthony, 2014). Economics and Idea of opportunity cost: The production cost of the goods does have the relation to opportunity cost. How can two countries benefit from the mutual trade? For an example a worker in USA can produce one car in a month but a worker in UAE can explore 200 gallon of oil in a same month, while a worker in US can produce 150 gallons of oil. The comparative trade in US stands at one car equals to 150 gallons of oil. The UAE worker can produce one car for 40 days time. Therefore, UAE worker to produce oil than concentrating manufacturing cars and US should produce more cars than oil (Chand, 2015). Conclusion: The era of globalization has underlined the need of development. Each country and each province is creating their own expertise to produce certain goods. This development is significant. The production of the one goods if proves to be cost-effective than producing other good. Then the first goods shall be produced. The opportunity cost of study is related to the job market and earning opportunity. If earning opportunity is there then the students should continue the study despite increasing cost of study. All factors of an economy are relative. This is significant to decide the future course (Hubbard, Garnett, Lewi, Anthony, 2014). Bibliography Chand, S. (2015, 02 22). Effect of Demand Curve on Substitute Goods and Complementary Goods | Micro Economics. Retrieved 02 22, 2015, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/effect-of-demand-curve-on-substitute-goods-and-complementary-goods-micro-economics/8914/ Hubbard, R. G., Garnett, A. M., Lewi, P., A. P. (2014). Microeconomics; https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L8aaBQAAQBAJpg=PA4dq=analyse+the+scarce+resources+in+microeconomicshl=ensa=Xei=YwzqVMz-DIKxuASEkIHQAwved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=analyse%20the%20scarce%20resources%20in%20microeconomicsf=false. Aquatic Drive: Pearson Australia. Schofield, N. C. (2011). Commodity Derivatives: Markets and Applications; https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QFfsjCLD740Cdq=commodity+marketsource=gbs_navlinks_s. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons.

State Responsibility Theory

The theory of state responsibility relates to laws and principles that control when and how a country should be liable for a breach of international law. DJ Harris shows that the theory of state responsibility is general and not specific to any particular obligation. Thus, it only applies when a country breaches provisions of international law and set legal consequences of such acts. From this observation, we can see that provisions of state responsibility are secondary laws.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on State Responsibility Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The theory of state responsibility seems to be general and independent from the main international law. In this regard, we can look at state responsibility under obligations that make an act wrongful before international law when we can attribute acts to private persons and officials of a state. In addition, we can also look at liability d efence and subsequent consequences of such acts. DJ Harris shows actions of private individuals and state may be difficult to differentiate. However, the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (Draft Articles) have changed the state responsibility. Draft Articles classify wrongful acts as where the state is liable under international law, and involve a breach of international obligation. A country can make reparation that can cover compensation, restitution, and satisfaction as forms of remedies. However, remedies also differ based on a given forum, such as UN, ICJ, WTO, and ICC among others. Treatment of Aliens The ILC does not allow ill treatment of people irrespective of their nationality. This is the basis of aliens, state responsibility, and the international minimum standard for the treatment aliens. We must understand that states are not under obligation to admit aliens to their countries. However, if a state allows aliens to enter it s territory, then it must treat them in a civilised way. A state can breach international law if it inflicts injury on aliens even if such aliens are outside its territory. Under ILC primary rules, a state cannot perform such acts in another state without authority of the latter. Under ILC, any failure to act within provisions of the minimum international standard calls for international responsibility of the defendant state, and state of the injured alien to apply its diplomatic right to protection. In other words, a state may use diplomatic means against another state so as to seek redress or compensation. Negotiations, arbitration, or judicial settlements have been useful in such cases.Advertising Looking for critical writing on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also crucial to note that the defendant country does not owe the injured alien any duty, but it owes the country of the alien. The idea is that a cou ntry experiences a loss in a situation where any of its citizens suffer injuries. Thus, the claimant country can make, ignore, or abandon a claim. In addition, the claimant state can also accept any value of compensation and has no obligation to pay the injured national. Thus, the injured citizen is at the mercy of his or her country. Imputability Imputability maintains that a state is only liable for its own acts or omissions. Characters in this case are government officials. Thus, this does not account for actions of private individuals. Imputability results into problems in cases where state officials exceed their powers or disobey instructions. Draft Articles do not apply in all situations especially where specific treaties apply. There is also a challenge in holding a state liable in situations where nonstate actors, such as terrorist groups, NGOs, and multinational organisations may be involved. In this case, some clauses (saving) of Draft Articles maintain that a state may ha ve secondary responsibility for such actors. In cases where certain acts (including ultra vires) affect the international community, then such matters become orga omnes. Domestic Remedies According to ILC Draft Article 22, any injured person must exhaust all remedies in courts of the defendant country before his or her state proceeds to make international claims. Domestic remedy rule cannot apply when the local courts cannot provide redress for the injured person and injury directly affects the state. A state cannot seek redress for such injuries in another state’s courts. This critical writing on State Responsibility Theory was written and submitted by user Jazmin Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Useful Mobile Apps for MBA Students

Useful Mobile Apps for MBA Students This list of useful mobile apps for MBA students will help you create schedules, collaborate, network, improve productivity, and make the most of the MBA experience. iStudiez Pro iStudiez Pro is an award-winning multiplatform student planner that can be used to track class schedules, homework assignments, tasks, grades, and more. The app will notify you about important tasks and events so that you can get organized and stay on top of important deadlines and meetings. The iStudiez Pro app also offers two-way integration with Google Calendar and other calendar apps so that you can share schedules with classmates, members of your study group, or people in your social circle. Free cloud sync is available as well, making it easy to wirelessly sync app data across multiple devices. The iStudiez Pro app is available for: iOSmacOSAndroidWindows *Note: If you would like to try this app before you purchase it, a free version of the app, known as iStudiez LITE, is available through the App Store for iOS devices. Trello Millions of people - from small start-up businesses to Fortune 500 companies - use the Trello app to collaborate on team projects. This app works well for MBA cohorts and study groups who are collaborating on a project for a class or competition. Trello is like a real-time, virtual whiteboard that everyone on the team has access to. It can be used to create checklists, share files, and have discussions about project details. Trello can be synced across all devices and works with all major browsers so that you can access the app data wherever you are. The free version would work for most student groups and teams, but there is also a paid version for users who want special features, such as extra storage space or the ability to integrate data with an unlimited number of apps.   The Trello app is available for: iOSmacOSAndroidWindows Shapr Shapr is a professional networking app that is designed to make the entire process of networking less painful and time consuming. Unlike most networking apps, Shapr uses an algorithm that considers your tagged interests and location to connect you with like-minded professionals who are in your area and looking to network. As with the Tinder or Grindr dating apps, Shapr allows you to swipe right anonymously. The app will notify you when the interest is mutual so that you don’t have to deal with random, unsolicited requests to talk or meet up. Another plus is that Shapr presents you with 10 to 15 different profiles each day; if you don’t feel like you can connect with the people it shows you one day, there will be a fresh crop of options the following day. The Shapr app is available for: iOSAndroid Forest The Forest app is a useful mobile app for people who are easily distracted by their phone when they should be studying, working, or doing something else. When you want to focus on something, you open the app and plant a virtual tree. If you close the app and use your phone for something else, the tree will die. If you stay off your phone for the designated amount of time, the tree will live and become part of a virtual forest. But it isnt just a virtual tree at stake. When you stay off your phone, you also earn credits. These credits can then be spent on real trees that are planted by a real tree planting organization that has teamed up with the makers of the Forest app. The Forest app is available for: iOSAndroid Mindfulness The Mindfulness app is a useful mobile app for MBA students who are feeling overwhelmed or stressed out over school obligations. This app is designed to help people manage their mental health and well being through meditation. With the Mindfulness app, you can create timed meditation sessions that are as short as three minutes long or as lengthy as 30 minutes long. The app also includes nature sounds and a  dashboard that displays your meditation statistics. You can get the free version of Mindfulness or you can pay for a subscription to get additional features like  themed meditations (calm, focus, inner strength, etc.)  and access to meditation courses.   The Mindfulness app is available for: iOSAndroid